Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which trace mineral is primarily involved in converting ingested iron to a form that can be absorbed?

  • Copper
  • Iron (correct)
  • Zinc
  • Magnesium

    • What role does phosphorus play in the body?

  • Muscle contraction
  • Mood regulation
  • Regulates fluid balance
  • Bone and teeth formation (correct)

    • Which of the following trace minerals is indicated for its role in immunity function?

  • Fluorine
  • Zinc (correct)
  • Iodine
  • Copper

    • What percentage of fluoride in the body is found in bones and teeth?

    <p>96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Vitamin B3 (niacin)?

    <p>It helps maintain healthy skin and nerves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is essential for the synthesis of insulin in the pancreas?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is specifically mentioned as being crucial during pregnancy?

    <p>Folate (B9)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary dietary concern with iodine absorption related to goitrogens?

    <p>They interfere with its absorption and utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a role that magnesium plays in the body?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure and sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of Vitamin B12?

    <p>It helps form red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trace mineral's absorption is affected by goitrogens, leading to potential thyroid issues?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Choline help with?

    <p>Normal functioning of the brain and nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of low levels of Folate?

    <p>Birth defects like spina bifida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin helps form red blood cells and maintain brain function?

    <p>Vitamin B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does Carnitine serve in the body?

    <p>It assists in the metabolism of fatty acids into energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are major minerals required in the diet?

    <p>Calcium, iron, and magnesium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor contributing to zinc deficiency in children from developing countries?

    <p>High dietary phytate content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effective treatment for reducing diarrhea duration and severity?

    <p>Zinc supplementation with oral rehydration therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subcutaneous fat differs from visceral fat in that it is stored:

    <p>Just under the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which distribution pattern of fat is referred to as 'apple-shaped'?

    <p>Android distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating?

    <p>Orthorexia Nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'energy measurement' in health and fitness typically refer to?

    <p>Measurement of calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by Binge Eating Disorder (BED)?

    <p>People of all ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor influencing fat distribution in individuals?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of meals should schools aim to provide?

    <p>Meals that include fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge faced by school meal programs?

    <p>Budget limitations affecting meal quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is food fortification?

    <p>Adding essential nutrients to foods that lack them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is commonly fortified with Vitamin D?

    <p>Vitamin D-fortified milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT a benefit of food fortification?

    <p>Guaranteed transfer of nutrients to all demographics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about consuming fortified foods?

    <p>They are always healthier than whole foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy can improve the effectiveness of food fortification?

    <p>Implementing policy support for fortification mandates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'food enrichment'?

    <p>Adding nutrients lost during food processing back into food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nutrition labeling on packaged food products?

    <p>To help consumers make informed choices about their diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a nutrition label indicates the amount of energy in a serving?

    <p>Calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Percent Daily Values (%DV) section on a nutrition label indicate?

    <p>How much of a nutrient a serving contributes to the recommended daily intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law mandates the fortification of staple foods in the Philippines?

    <p>The Philippine Food Fortification Act of 2009</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is NOT typically listed as a micronutrient on a nutrition label?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of the National Nutrition Council (NNC) in the Philippines?

    <p>To develop national nutrition policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Total Fat section of a nutrition label provide information on?

    <p>Information on saturated, trans, and sometimes unsaturated fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act established a food safety regulatory framework in the Philippines?

    <p>The Food Safety Act of 2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of meal planning?

    <p>To prepare a menu and identify necessary ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in easier meal preparation?

    <p>Avoid making any mess while cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can parents help children develop proper table manners?

    <p>Encourage participation in family meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommendations for making healthy eating choices on a budget?

    <p>Stick to your grocery list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a cause or risk factor in the content?

    <p>Financial status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised to discourage during mealtimes for children?

    <p>Eating snacks while watching TV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is recommended for healthier grocery shopping?

    <p>Stock up on sales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of involving children in food shopping?

    <p>It helps them develop preferences for nutritious foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Micronutrients

    • Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts for body function, growth, and development
    • Deficiency can cause health problems

    Vitamins

    • Group of substances needed for normal cell function
    • 13 essential vitamins for proper body function
    • Classified into fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins

    Fat-Soluble Vitamins

    • Stored in liver, fatty tissue, and muscles
    • Vitamins A, D, E, and K
    • Absorbed easily with dietary fat

    Vitamin A

    • Helps maintain healthy teeth, bones, soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin

    Vitamin D

    • Also known as the "sunshine vitamin"
    • Made by the body when exposed to sunlight
    • Helps body absorb calcium for healthy teeth and bones
    • Maintains healthy blood calcium and phosphorus levels

    Vitamin E

    • Antioxidant, also known as tocopherol
    • Helps body form red blood cells and use vitamin K

    Vitamin K

    • Needed for blood clotting
    • Important for bone health

    Water-Soluble Vitamins

    • Not stored in the body
    • Vitamins C and all B vitamins
    • Must be consumed regularly
    • Exception: Vitamin B12 is stored in the liver for years

    Vitamin C

    • Antioxidant
    • Important for healthy teeth, gums, and tissue
    • Promotes wound healing

    B Vitamins

    • Essential for energy production, body growth, and maintaining healthy nerves and skin
    • Includes:
      • Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - Helps body cells convert carbohydrates into energy
      • Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Involved in growth and red blood cell production
      • Vitamin B3 (niacin) - Needed for maintaining healthy skin and nerves; triglyceride-lowering effect
      • Vitamin B5 - Essential for metabolism of food and hormone production
      • Biotin (B7) - Important for protein and carbohydrate metabolism; hormone and cholesterol production
      • Folate (B9) - Crucial for DNA production and red blood cell formation. Needed during pregnancy
      • Vitamin B12 - Important for metabolism, red blood cells, and nerve function

    Choline and Carnitine

    • Important vitamin-like nutrients
    • Choline - Needed for normal brain and nervous system function.
    • Carnitine helps the body convert fatty acids into energy.

    Minerals

    • Essential elements needed for normal body development and function
    • Two categories: Major minerals (required in large amounts) and trace minerals (required in small amounts)

    Energy Balance

    • Relationship between calories consumed and calories expended
    • Positive energy balance leads to weight gain
    • Negative energy balance leads to weight loss

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