Vitamins D and E Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary pro vitamin D source in human and animal tissues?

  • Cholecalciferol
  • 7-dehydrocholesterol (correct)
  • Ergosterol
  • Calcidiol

Which form of vitamin D is considered the active form?

  • Calcidiol
  • Calcitriol (correct)
  • Ergocalciferol
  • 25-OH-D

Which of the following is a consequence of vitamin D deficiency in children?

  • Bone deformities (Rickets) (correct)
  • Hemolysis of red blood cells
  • Renal stones
  • Infertility

What is a symptom of vitamin E deficiency?

<p>RBC hemolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive intake of vitamin D can lead to which of the following conditions?

<p>Calcification of tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vitamin D activation process

Ergosterol (plant) or 7-dehydrocholesterol (human/animal) is converted to vitamin D2(calciferol) by UV light. The liver converts calciferol to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, then the kidneys convert this to the active form, calcitriol.

Vitamin D function

Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood and promotes bone health by assisting in calcium and phosphate absorption.

Vitamin D deficiency symptoms

Deficiency in children causes rickets (bone deformities), and in adults, osteomalacia (softened bones).

Vitamin E types

Vitamin E has four forms (tocopherols), but alpha-tocopherol is the most active.

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Vitamin E function

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects against cell damage and certain diseases, like heart disease, as well as preventing sterility.

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Study Notes

Vitamin D (Calciferol)

  • Vitamin D is a steroid ring
  • Ergosterol is the provitamin D in plants
  • 7-dehydrocholesterol is the provitamin D in humans and animals
  • Vitamin D has 2 forms: D2 and D3
  • Vitamin D activation involves UV light, liver, and kidney
  • Activated forms include calcifediol (25-OH-D) and calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D)

Vitamin D Function

  • Normalizes serum calcium and phosphate levels
  • Normalizes bone by providing calcium and phosphate

Vitamin D Deficiency

  • Rickets in children (bone deformities)
  • Osteomalacia in adults (softening of bones)

Vitamin D Excess (Hypervitaminosis)

  • Abnormal calcification of tissue and deposition of calcium and phosphate in the kidney (renal stones)

Vitamin E (Tocopherols)

  • Four types: α, β, γ, and δ
  • α-tocopherol is the most active form
  • Function:
    • Anti-sterility
    • Antioxidant
    • Protects from atherosclerosis and heart disease (prevents LDL oxidation)

Vitamin E Deficiency

  • RBC hemolysis (due to oxidation) in premature infants
  • Infertility

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