Vitamins D and E Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary pro vitamin D source in human and animal tissues?

Cholecalciferol
7-dehydrocholesterol (correct)
Ergosterol
Calcidiol

Which form of vitamin D is considered the active form?

Calcidiol
Calcitriol (correct)
Ergocalciferol
25-OH-D

Which of the following is a consequence of vitamin D deficiency in children?

Bone deformities (Rickets) (correct)
Hemolysis of red blood cells
Renal stones
Infertility

What is a symptom of vitamin E deficiency?

<p>RBC hemolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive intake of vitamin D can lead to which of the following conditions?

<p>Calcification of tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vitamin D activation process

Ergosterol (plant) or 7-dehydrocholesterol (human/animal) is converted to vitamin D2(calciferol) by UV light. The liver converts calciferol to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, then the kidneys convert this to the active form, calcitriol.

Vitamin D function

Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood and promotes bone health by assisting in calcium and phosphate absorption.

Vitamin D deficiency symptoms

Deficiency in children causes rickets (bone deformities), and in adults, osteomalacia (softened bones).

Vitamin E types

Vitamin E has four forms (tocopherols), but alpha-tocopherol is the most active.

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Vitamin E function

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protects against cell damage and certain diseases, like heart disease, as well as preventing sterility.

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Study Notes

Vitamin D (Calciferol)

Vitamin D is a steroid ring
Ergosterol is the provitamin D in plants
7-dehydrocholesterol is the provitamin D in humans and animals
Vitamin D has 2 forms: D2 and D3
Vitamin D activation involves UV light, liver, and kidney
Activated forms include calcifediol (25-OH-D) and calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D)

Vitamin D Function

Normalizes serum calcium and phosphate levels
Normalizes bone by providing calcium and phosphate

Vitamin D Deficiency

Rickets in children (bone deformities)
Osteomalacia in adults (softening of bones)

Vitamin D Excess (Hypervitaminosis)

Abnormal calcification of tissue and deposition of calcium and phosphate in the kidney (renal stones)

Vitamin E (Tocopherols)

Four types: α, β, γ, and δ
α-tocopherol is the most active form
Function:
- Anti-sterility
- Antioxidant
- Protects from atherosclerosis and heart disease (prevents LDL oxidation)