nutrition 3

Which of the following is a potential consequence of using aluminum-containing antacids excessively?

Increased risk of anemia
Increased risk of phosphorus deficiency (correct)
Increased risk of magnesium deficiency
Increased risk of calcium deficiency

What is the primary function of magnesium in the body's enzymes?

As an activator of enzyme activity, especially involving phosphate groups (correct)
As an inhibitor of enzyme activity
As a regulator of blood sugar levels
As a catalyst for protein synthesis

Where is the majority of magnesium stored in the human body?

Muscles
Nervous tissues
Bones (correct)
Blood plasma

What is a common characteristic of people who may experience hypophosphatemia due to refeeding syndrome?

Severe malnutrition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of phosphorus deficiency that affects the skeletal system?

Bone disease (osteomalacia, rickets) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of magnesium in the body's electrical functions?

Conducting electrical signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the body preserves magnesium levels when stores are low?

Limiting the amount of magnesium excreted in urine and absorbing more in the gut (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of chloride in the body?

Its levels in the blood tend to coincide with sodium levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a loss of chloride in the body?

Conditions that cause sodium losses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium in the body related to glucose, galactose, and amino acids?

It facilitates their active transport across the intestinal mucosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common condition that can lead to a true magnesium deficiency?

A long-term low magnesium diet (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of magnesium deficiency?

Numbness or tingling in skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is essential for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in specific proteins?

Vitamin K (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical syndrome that results from vitamin K deficiency in newborns?

Hemorrhagic disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about vitamin E?

It protects lipids in membranes from oxidative damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of γ-glutamylcarboxylase, the enzyme that requires vitamin K as a cofactor?

To catalyze the carboxylation of glutamic acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for vitamin K deficiency?

Antibiotic use (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the biologically active form of vitamin C?

Both ascorbate and dehydroascorbic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for hypokalemia in hospitalized patients?

Medications that cause excessive potassium excretion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a possible cause of hypokalemia?

High-potassium diet (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of magnesium in maintaining potassium levels?

Magnesium helps reabsorb potassium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of severe hypokalemia?

Muscle paralysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for studying the roles of trace minerals in laboratory animals?

Because it is difficult to conduct experiments with human subjects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical daily potassium intake that can lead to hyperkalemia in individuals with compromised kidneys?

More than 4,700 mg (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common way that the body absorbs fluoride?

In the gut (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that occurs when infants and children ingest more fluoride than needed during tooth formation?

Dental fluorosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that is associated with severe selenium deficiency and affects the heart muscle?

Keshan disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of a fluoride deficiency in infants and children?

Dental caries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fluoride in the body?

Preventing and reversing dental caries and building strong teeth and bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that is associated with severe selenium deficiency and affects the bones?

Kashin-Beck disease (B) Signup and view all the answers