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Questions and Answers
What is a key function of Vitamin A?
Which condition is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?
What deficiency is primarily linked to Vitamin C?
Which of the following vitamins is important for blood clotting?
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What is a consequence of excess Vitamin D intake?
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Which vitamin is associated with RBC hemolysis as a deficiency symptom?
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Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is most likely to cause irritability and poor growth in infants?
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Which food source is particularly rich in Vitamin D?
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Study Notes
Vitamin A (Retinol and Carotenoids)
- Essential for night vision and maintaining healthy skin and hair.
- Supports the development of strong bones and teeth.
- Deficiency leads to conditions such as xerophthalmia and follicular hyperkeratosis.
- Toxicity symptoms include liver damage, headache, vomiting, vision problems, and hair loss.
- Additional issues from toxicity may include constipation, loss of appetite, sleep disorders, dry mucous membranes, and birth defects.
Vitamin B Complex
- Comprises B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B12 (Cobalamin), Folic Acid, and Biotin.
- Crucial for energy production and muscle contraction.
- Supports brain, nerve, and muscle function.
Specific Vitamins and Related Deficiencies/Toxicity
- B1 (Thiamine): Deficiency causes beriberi (infantile and wet/dry forms).
- B2 (Riboflavin): Deficiency manifests as tissue changes in the eyes, mouth, and tongue.
- B3 (Niacin): Deficiency leads to pellagra, characterized by skin changes, anorexia, and digestive issues.
- B6 (Pyridoxine): Rare deficiency in adults but can cause irritability and anemia in infants.
- B5 (Pantothenic Acid): Deficiency symptoms include insomnia and muscle cramps.
- B12 (Cobalamin): Deficiency results in demyelination of spinal cord nerve fibers and pernicious anemia.
Vitamin C
- Key for healing wounds and maintaining the health of bones, teeth, and blood vessels.
- Plays a role in bolstering the immune system.
- Deficiency results in scurvy, pallor, weakness, and irritability.
- Rich food sources include citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, broccoli, tomatoes, and potatoes.
Vitamin D (Calciferol)
- Facilitates the use of calcium and phosphorus in the body.
- Vital for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth.
- Deficiency can lead to tetany, rickets, and osteomalacia; associated with delayed closure of fontanels in infants.
- Toxicity may cause hypercalcemia, renal damage, uremia, and bone demineralization.
- Common sources include milk, egg yolks, salmon, liver, and sunlight exposure.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
- Important for the formation of red blood cells and muscle tissues.
- Deficiency may lead to red blood cell hemolysis.
- Found in whole grains, bread, dry beans, nuts, vegetable oils, margarine, and liver.
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone, Menadione)
- Crucial for blood clotting processes.
- Deficiency in newborns can result in hemorrhagic disease; adults may experience delayed blood clotting.
- Toxicity issues can include kernicterus and hemolysis.
- Food sources include green leafy vegetables and certain oils.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential functions, deficiencies, and toxicities of Vitamin A and the B Complex vitamins. Learn how these nutrients support health and what can happen when they are lacking or excessive. Ideal for students studying nutrition or health science.
