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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of niacin in the body?
What is the primary role of niacin in the body?
- Bone formation
- Blood sugar regulation
- Vitamin A conversion
- Energy transfer reactions (correct)
Pellagra is a result of vitamin B5 deficiency.
Pellagra is a result of vitamin B5 deficiency.
False (B)
What are the three symptoms commonly associated with niacin deficiency?
What are the three symptoms commonly associated with niacin deficiency?
Dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea
Vitamin B6 is required for the metabolism of _________.
Vitamin B6 is required for the metabolism of _________.
Match the following vitamins with their primary roles:
Match the following vitamins with their primary roles:
Which vitamin is known as the 'chick anti-dermatitis factor'?
Which vitamin is known as the 'chick anti-dermatitis factor'?
Biotin is primarily involved in protein metabolism.
Biotin is primarily involved in protein metabolism.
Name one dietary source rich in vitamin B12.
Name one dietary source rich in vitamin B12.
Deficiency of vitamin B9 can lead to ________ anemia.
Deficiency of vitamin B9 can lead to ________ anemia.
What is a major dietary source of Vitamin B1?
What is a major dietary source of Vitamin B1?
What role does vitamin B12 play in nerve fiber health?
What role does vitamin B12 play in nerve fiber health?
Riboflavin is unstable during cooking in light.
Riboflavin is unstable during cooking in light.
What clinical syndrome can result from Vitamin B1 deficiency?
What clinical syndrome can result from Vitamin B1 deficiency?
Thiamine plays a key role in converting carbohydrates, lipids, and ______ into energy.
Thiamine plays a key role in converting carbohydrates, lipids, and ______ into energy.
Match the vitamin with its property or role:
Match the vitamin with its property or role:
Which of the following factors increases the risk of thiamine deficiency?
Which of the following factors increases the risk of thiamine deficiency?
Riboflavin can be easily destroyed during cooking in the absence of light.
Riboflavin can be easily destroyed during cooking in the absence of light.
What vitamin is known to help improve brain function and the development of myelin sheaths?
What vitamin is known to help improve brain function and the development of myelin sheaths?
Yeast is the richest natural source of ______.
Yeast is the richest natural source of ______.
Which of the following is a consequence of cooking food containing thiamine?
Which of the following is a consequence of cooking food containing thiamine?
Which of the following is a good dietary source of Vitamin C?
Which of the following is a good dietary source of Vitamin C?
Vitamin C is stable and retains its properties when cooked.
Vitamin C is stable and retains its properties when cooked.
What is the primary deficiency disease associated with a lack of Vitamin C?
What is the primary deficiency disease associated with a lack of Vitamin C?
Vitamin C functions in the synthesis of _____ and absorption of iron.
Vitamin C functions in the synthesis of _____ and absorption of iron.
Match the following properties/functions of Vitamin C:
Match the following properties/functions of Vitamin C:
Which disease is NOT prevented by adequate Vitamin C intake?
Which disease is NOT prevented by adequate Vitamin C intake?
Dehydro-L-ascorbic acid has no antioxidant properties.
Dehydro-L-ascorbic acid has no antioxidant properties.
Name one antioxidant activity function of Vitamin C.
Name one antioxidant activity function of Vitamin C.
Vitamin C is also known as _____ acid.
Vitamin C is also known as _____ acid.
Which of the following statements about Vitamin C is true?
Which of the following statements about Vitamin C is true?
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Study Notes
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Thiamine (B1) is crucial in energy metabolism, converting carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into energy.
- It also plays a key role in nerve and muscle activity.
- Deficiency leads to Wernicke encephalopathy and beriberi.
- Risk factors include alcohol dependence, malabsorption, and a diet low in thiamine.
- Whole grains, legumes, and meats are excellent sources.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- Riboflavin is sensitive to light and is stable during cooking in the absence of light.
- It is a critical coenzyme in numerous oxidation-reduction reactions involved in energy release from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Yeast is the richest source, followed by dairy products, eggs, legumes, and meats.
- Deficiency causes stomatitis and dermatitis.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Niacin (B3) prevents pellagra, a deficiency condition that impacts the nervous system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.
- Niacin acts as a coenzyme in energy-transfer reactions and protects against neurological degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.
- Meats, fish, and dairy products are good sources, as well as roasted coffee beans.
- Tryptophan can be converted to niacin in the body.
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
- Pantothenic acid (B5) is vital for turning food into energy and is involved in the synthesis of lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.
- Animal organs (heart, kidney, and liver) and cereal grains are rich sources.
- Deficiency causes fatigue and sleep disturbances.
Vitamin B6
- Helps improve mood.
- Vitamin B6. is required for biological reactions, including amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell formation.
- Found in beef liver, tuna, salmon, fortified cereals, chickpeas, poultry, and some vegetables and fruits (dark leafy greens, pineapple, papaya, oranges, cantaloupe).
- Deficiency causes peripheral neuropathy and symptoms similar to niacin and riboflavin deficiencies.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
- Biotin is involved in many cellular reactions, particularly in fat and protein metabolism.
- Plays a critical role in metabolism as a coenzyme that transfers carbon dioxide.
- Found in eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts, and certain vegetables (such as sweet potatoes)
- Deficiency causes fatigue, depression, and dermatitis.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
- Folic acid is essential for brain development and function, aiding in the production of DNA and RNA, and the metabolism of vitamins and amino acids.
- Crucial during early pregnancy to reduce the risk of birth defects.
- Found in beans, peanuts, sunflower seeds, fresh fruits, fruit juices, whole grains, and liver.
- Deficiency can cause megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias and glossitis.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamins)
- Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in DNA synthesis, nerve fiber protection, bone cell activity, and red blood cell production.
- Cyanocobalamin is the most stable form and is commonly used in therapy.
- Deficiency can cause irreversible neurologic damage (e.g., defective myelin nerve sheaths) and megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps protect against infections and inflammation.
- It plays a role in the synthesis of collagen, the absorption of iron, and the reduction of oxidative stress.
- Found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, and other fresh fruits and vegetables.
- Deficiency causes scurvy.
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