Podcast
Questions and Answers
What symptom would a nurse expect to see in a patient with chronic insomnia and slow growth, based on the provided information?
What symptom would a nurse expect to see in a patient with chronic insomnia and slow growth, based on the provided information?
An 8-year-old child experiences chronic sleep deprivation for a year and gains weight. What sleep-related finding is most likely associated with this weight gain?
An 8-year-old child experiences chronic sleep deprivation for a year and gains weight. What sleep-related finding is most likely associated with this weight gain?
Which hormone is LEAST likely to disrupt gastrointestinal homeostasis?
Which hormone is LEAST likely to disrupt gastrointestinal homeostasis?
What combination of symptoms would a nurse associate with Metabolic Syndrome based on the provided information?
What combination of symptoms would a nurse associate with Metabolic Syndrome based on the provided information?
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According to the National Sleep Foundation, how many hours of sleep deprivation in the past 24 hours is likely to impair driving ability?
According to the National Sleep Foundation, how many hours of sleep deprivation in the past 24 hours is likely to impair driving ability?
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Which of the following would a nursing instructor likely correct a student for suggesting as a component of good sleep hygiene?
Which of the following would a nursing instructor likely correct a student for suggesting as a component of good sleep hygiene?
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A patient asks which electrical monitoring device records the characteristic rapid eye movements of REM sleep. What should the nurse reply?
A patient asks which electrical monitoring device records the characteristic rapid eye movements of REM sleep. What should the nurse reply?
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How do over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids typically work?
How do over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids typically work?
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What is the major concern for combining opioid pain medication with benzodiazepines?
What is the major concern for combining opioid pain medication with benzodiazepines?
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A patient asks about the advantages of doing a home sleep study instead of staying at a sleep lab. What answer should the nurse include?
A patient asks about the advantages of doing a home sleep study instead of staying at a sleep lab. What answer should the nurse include?
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What should Xavier do after noting a pulse rate of 155 bpm in a patient who feels fine but reports their heart racing?
What should Xavier do after noting a pulse rate of 155 bpm in a patient who feels fine but reports their heart racing?
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Which method of measuring respirations is the most accurate?
Which method of measuring respirations is the most accurate?
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Which statement demonstrates a lack of understanding of how an oxygen saturation probe works?
Which statement demonstrates a lack of understanding of how an oxygen saturation probe works?
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Which statement by Minh’s patient indicates his understanding of taking his blood pressure?
Which statement by Minh’s patient indicates his understanding of taking his blood pressure?
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What is not a good example of why a patient should self-monitor their vital signs at home?
What is not a good example of why a patient should self-monitor their vital signs at home?
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What statement by Alexandra indicates that she does not understand what her blood pressure numbers mean?
What statement by Alexandra indicates that she does not understand what her blood pressure numbers mean?
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When planning teaching for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension, what is the first important learning goal?
When planning teaching for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension, what is the first important learning goal?
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What statement indicates patient understanding of external factors that can influence vital signs?
What statement indicates patient understanding of external factors that can influence vital signs?
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A patient describes frequent dreams in which he is able to fly. The nurse recognizes such fanciful dreams as happening during what sleep stage?
A patient describes frequent dreams in which he is able to fly. The nurse recognizes such fanciful dreams as happening during what sleep stage?
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What hormone is associated with opening the “sleep gate”?
What hormone is associated with opening the “sleep gate”?
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An adult typically spends the majority of a night’s sleep in what sleep stage?
An adult typically spends the majority of a night’s sleep in what sleep stage?
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The reticular activating system (RAS) controls what aspect of sleep?
The reticular activating system (RAS) controls what aspect of sleep?
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A person who splits their sleep into a major overnight period for six hours and a three-hour nap is implementing what sleep pattern?
A person who splits their sleep into a major overnight period for six hours and a three-hour nap is implementing what sleep pattern?
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A patient tells the nurse nightmares began after starting to take diphenhydramine to sleep. The nurse explains what side effect as the likely cause of the nightmares?
A patient tells the nurse nightmares began after starting to take diphenhydramine to sleep. The nurse explains what side effect as the likely cause of the nightmares?
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A nurse is reviewing lifestyle recommendations to promote sleep with a patient who has been experiencing insomnia. What recommendation about timing moderate exercise will the nurse include?
A nurse is reviewing lifestyle recommendations to promote sleep with a patient who has been experiencing insomnia. What recommendation about timing moderate exercise will the nurse include?
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A parent describes a child having episodes of screaming at night. When the parent arrives at the bedside, the child is sitting up, eyes are dilated, and the child’s heart is racing. The nurse will prepare to teach the parent and child about what sleep disorder?
A parent describes a child having episodes of screaming at night. When the parent arrives at the bedside, the child is sitting up, eyes are dilated, and the child’s heart is racing. The nurse will prepare to teach the parent and child about what sleep disorder?
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Neonates fall asleep into what stage of sleep?
Neonates fall asleep into what stage of sleep?
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A patient who experiences several episodes of falling asleep during the day is experiencing what sleep problem?
A patient who experiences several episodes of falling asleep during the day is experiencing what sleep problem?
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Which of the following is the term for the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
Which of the following is the term for the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
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A patient experiencing dehydration is likely to have which of the following heart rates?
A patient experiencing dehydration is likely to have which of the following heart rates?
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A patient's oral temperature is 99°F (37.2°C). What term would a nurse use to describe this temperature?
A patient's oral temperature is 99°F (37.2°C). What term would a nurse use to describe this temperature?
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A patient with asthma has an oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 88% on room air. What should the nurse do first?
A patient with asthma has an oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 88% on room air. What should the nurse do first?
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What does blood pressure measure?
What does blood pressure measure?
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A patient expresses anxiety and says they hate being at the doctor's office. What respiratory rate would you expect to find upon assessment?
A patient expresses anxiety and says they hate being at the doctor's office. What respiratory rate would you expect to find upon assessment?
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A patient's blood pressure is lower than usual at 88/56 mmHg, compared to their typical 110/70 mmHg. The patient has no complaints and is sitting upright watching TV. What should the nurse do first?
A patient's blood pressure is lower than usual at 88/56 mmHg, compared to their typical 110/70 mmHg. The patient has no complaints and is sitting upright watching TV. What should the nurse do first?
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A patient has just had a sip of hot tea. How long should the nurse wait before taking an oral temperature?
A patient has just had a sip of hot tea. How long should the nurse wait before taking an oral temperature?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a vital sign?
Which of the following is NOT considered a vital sign?
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A patient with a fast heart rate is considered to be:
A patient with a fast heart rate is considered to be:
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Study Notes
Vital Signs and Self-Monitoring
- Homeostasis: The body's self-regulation of vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) is known as homeostasis.
- Dehydration (Patient example): A dehydrated patient (dry lips, lethargy, dizziness) would likely exhibit a lower-than-normal heart rate.
- Normal Oral Temperature: A temperature of 99°F (37.2°C) is considered afebrile.
- Low Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): An SpO2 of 88% on room air in an asthma patient requires immediate reporting to the primary care provider.
- Blood Pressure: Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the arterial walls.
- Anxiety (Patient example): An anxious patient might exhibit a higher-than-average respiratory rate.
- Low Blood Pressure (Patient example): A patient with low blood pressure (88/56) who is otherwise asymptomatic would require rechecking the blood pressure and reporting to the provider.
- Oral Temperature Delay: Wait 20 minutes after consuming hot liquids before taking an oral temperature.
- High Pulse Rate: A pulse rate of 155 bpm in a patient feeling fine warrants checking and reporting to a provider.
Respirations, Oxygen Saturation, and Blood Pressure
- Respiratory Rate Measurement: Count respirations alongside other vital signs without explicitly informing the patient.
- Oxygen Saturation Probe: Ensure proper hand assessment for O2 saturation probe use. Nail polish is a concern. Hand temperature is important. Older adults and diabetics may have poor circulation.
- Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Sit with feet flat on the ground and legs uncrossed when taking blood pressure.
- Blood Pressure Monitoring: The proper posture during BP measurement is sitting with feet flat on the ground and legs uncrossed.
Understanding Vital Sign Significance
- White Coat Syndrome: Self-monitoring can help rule out white coat syndrome, where blood pressure is elevated only in clinical settings.
- Medication Effectiveness: Monitoring can help determine medication effectiveness.
- Patient-Directed Monitoring: Monitoring can aid in adjusting medications for better management of conditions like hypertension.
- Patient Education: Initial goal in patient education is to understand their new medication's details and side effects.
- External Factors: Factors like consumption of coffee, rest/exertion, and stress, can significantly impact vital signs; for instance, caffeine intake can elevate heart rate & blood pressure.
Sleep Stages and Disorders
- REM Sleep and Dreams: Vivid dreams, such as flying, typically occur during REM sleep.
- Sleep-Wake Cycle Regulation: Melatonin is a primary hormone involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and opening the “sleep gate.”
- Predominant Sleep Stage: Adults primarily sleep in stage II.
- Sleep Control System (RAS): The RAS controls the different sleep stages.
- Sleep Patterns: A biphasic sleep pattern involves a major overnight period and one or more naps.
- REM Rebound: Diphenhydramine use, which can cause nighttime nightmares, is more closely linked with REM rebound than with drug hangover.
- Exercise and Sleep: Exercise should be avoided within 5 hours of bedtime to prevent stimulation.
- Night Terrors vs. Nightmares: Night terrors involve screams, dilated pupils, racing heart rates, and the person is usually unresponsive; nightmares involve vivid, frightening dreams, and the person wakes up.
- Neonatal Sleep: Neonates primarily sleep in REM sleep stages.
- Hypersomnia: Frequent daytime sleepiness is a symptom of hypersomnia.
- Sleep and Growth/Development: Chronic insomnia can impact growth and weight gain in children.
- Sleep and Metabolism: Poor sleep can affect metabolism and contribute to dyslipidemia.
- Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome: Hyperglycemia, low HDL, elevated triglycerides, and abdominal obesity signal metabolic syndrome.
- Sleep and Driving: Less than six hours of sleep recently can impair driving ability.
- Sleep Hygiene: Following a consistent bedtime routine/schedule and avoiding tablets (e-readers) before bedtime are recommended practices for good sleep hygiene.
- Sleep Monitoring: EEG will record rapid eye movements (REM) associated with sleep stages.
- Sleep Aid Mechanisms: OTC sleep aids often work by improving the action of GABA.
- Opioid and Benzodiazepine Combination: Combining opioids and benzodiazepines is strongly contraindicated due to an increased risk of respiratory depression.
- Home Sleep Study: A home sleep study allows for more freedom in movement.
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Description
Test your knowledge on vital signs and self-monitoring techniques with this comprehensive quiz. Learn about homeostasis, effects of dehydration, and identify normal ranges for temperature, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. This quiz is perfect for healthcare students and professionals.
