Viruses of the Nervous System: Diagnosis and Pathogenesis

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Match the neurotropic virus with the correct species affected by encephalitis:

Rabies virus = All species Canine distemper virus = Dogs Canine herpes virus = Puppies less than 6 weeks of age Equine herpes virus 1 = Horses

Match the neurotropic virus with the associated clinical sign in cats:

Feline infectious peritonitis virus = Unknown Feline immunodeficiency virus = Unknown Feline leukemia virus = Myelitis Feline panleukopenia virus = Cerebellar hypoplasia

Match the neurotropic virus with the correct clinical scenario in dogs:

Rabies virus = Unknown Canine distemper virus = Unknown Canine herpes virus = Encephalitis in puppies less than 6 weeks of age Feline immunodeficiency virus = Unknown

Match the neurotropic virus with the appropriate diagnostic test based on clinical signs and lesions:

Equine herpes virus 1 = Unknown West Nile virus = Unknown Equine Togaviruses (EEE, WEE, VEE) = Unknown Equine infectious anemia viruses = Rarely neurotropic Signup and view all the answers

Match the neurotropic viruses with their pathogenesis:

Canine distemper virus = Unknown Feline infectious peritonitis virus = Unknown Equine herpes virus 1 = Unknown Equine Togaviruses (EEE, WEE, VEE) = Unknown Signup and view all the answers

Match the neurotropic viruses with the appropriate samples to take for diagnostic testing:

Rabies virus = Unknown Canine distemper virus = Unknown Feline immunodeficiency virus = Unknown West Nile virus = Unknown Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their primary target cells:

Canine Distemper Virus = Oligodendroglial cells Rabies virus = Myocytes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their characteristic clinical signs:

Canine Distemper Virus = Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge Rabies virus = Hardening of the nose and footpads Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their diagnostic methods:

Canine Distemper Virus = Postmortem only Rabies virus = Postmortem only Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct virus:

Infection occurs between 3 – 6 months when maternal antibody declines = Canine Distemper Virus Endemic on all continents except Australia and Antarctica = Rabies virus Infection is invariably fatal = Rabies virus Highly contagious and infects dogs and a number of wildlife species including lions, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, raccoons, etc. = Canine Distemper Virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with the mode of transmission:

Canine Distemper Virus = Inhalation of respiratory secretions Rabies virus = Bite from an infected animal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathological features with the correct virus:

Perivascular cuffing, Demyelination may progress to necrosis and infiltration by gitter cells = Canine Distemper Virus Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Negri bodies) in the neurons = Rabies virus Produces both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies = Canine Distemper Virus White matter vacuolation (from demyelination) = Canine Distemper Virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their potential hosts:

Rabies virus = Maintained in raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes Canine Distemper Virus = Infects many cell types including epithelial, lymphoid cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the respective viruses:

Virus is carried to the CNS by infected lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets = Canine Distemper Virus Initial replication is in myocytes and then passes to axon terminals of motor neurons = Rabies virus Virus spreads in the CSF once in the brain = Canine Distemper Virus Virus moves by retrograde axoplasmic flow to neurons in the CNS = Rabies virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their correct viral infection:

Urban rabies in dogs accounts for 95% of all human cases = Rabies virus Acute disease followed by recovery and lifelong immunity or neurologic disease and death = Canine Distemper Virus Short clinical course lasting for a few days to a few weeks = Rabies virus Affects the skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and brain = Canine Distemper Virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their control methods:

Vaccination of pets to break the urban cycle = Rabies virus Age of onset and progression of neurological signs = Canine Distemper Virus Presence of other clinical signs like vomiting and coughing = Canine Distemper Virus Diagnosis is only post-mortem by demonstration of viral antigens in the brain = Rabies virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following disease with its primary causative virus:

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) = Feline coronavirus (FCoV) Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) = Lentivirus (Retrovirus) Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy = Equine Herpes virus 1 West Nile Virus = Flaviviruses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following disease manifestation with the correct form of Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP):

Protein-rich fluid in the dilated ventricles = Wet form Pyogranulomatous vasculitis in all organs including the eye and brain = Dry form Loss of cerebral white matter = Wet form Pyogranulomatous inflammation extending into the ventricle = Dry form Signup and view all the answers

Match the following virus with its method of transmission:

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) = Transmitted by bites West Nile Virus = Mosquito-borne Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) = Mosquito-borne Equine herpesvirus 1 = Respiratory or reproductive Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine disease with its diagnostic method:

Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy = PCR on nasal swabs Eastern equine encephalitis = IgM ELISA on serum West Nile Virus infection = PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem Equine herpesvirus 1 infection = PCR on nasal swabs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine virus with its associated clinical signs:

West Nile Virus = Primarily neurologic Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) = Death occurs 3-4 days after onset of neurologic signs Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) = Often subclinical in humans Equine Herpes virus 1 = Respiratory and reproductive issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following feline disease with its characteristic feature:

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) = Invariably fatal Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) = Recurrent infection of skin, eyes, respiratory tract Differentiating between Rabies, FIP, and FIV = Progression of the disease Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy = Vasculitis, necrosis, and hemorrhage in spinal cord and brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine virus with its location of replication:

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) = Lymph node West Nile Virus = Local lymph nodes Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) = Local lymph nodes Equine Herpes virus 1 = Local lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine neurotropic viruses feature with its description:

Perivascular cuffing = Equine neurotropic viruses Gliosis = Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy Hemorrhage in the gray matter = Equine neurotropic viruses Perivascular lymphocytic cuffing = Feline immunodeficiency virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine arboviral encephalitis with its associated diagnosis method:

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) = IgM ELISA on serum Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) = IgM ELISA on serum West Nile Virus infection = PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy diagnosis = PCR on nasal swabs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine equid with its associated disease:

Pony purchased via internet ad as companion to mare, resulting in ataxia in mare after 4 weeks. = Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy Clinical scenario involving a wild pony and an ataxic mare. = Rabies virus infection 20-year-old pony bought as companion to mare showing ataxic signs. = Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) infection Differential list including West Nile Virus and Eastern equine encephalitis. = West Nile Virus infection Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotropic virus can cause encephalitis in puppies less than 6 weeks of age?

Canine herpes virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative virus of myelitis in cats?

Feline leukemia virus Signup and view all the answers

Name the neurotropic virus that can lead to cerebellar hypoplasia in cats.

Feline panleukopenia virus Signup and view all the answers

Which equine virus is associated with West Nile virus infection?

Equine herpes virus 1 Signup and view all the answers

Identify the neurotropic virus that may cause ataxia, seizures, and behavioral changes in puppies.

Canine distemper virus Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotropic virus is rarely neurotropic and associated with Equine infectious anemia?

Equine infectious anemia viruses Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pathogenesis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in cats.

The virus is picked up by dendritic cells from the bite wound and carried to the local lymph nodes, where it infects T lymphocytes and replicates. Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs associated with Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy?

Vasculitis, necrosis, and hemorrhage in the spinal cord and brain. Signup and view all the answers

How does West Nile Virus primarily infect horses, humans, and birds?

Through mosquito-borne transmission. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the transmission cycle of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus.

EEE virus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic method for arboviral encephalitides like Eastern Equine Encephalitis and Western Equine Encephalitis?

Diagnosis is by IgM ELISA on serum and PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the course of neurologic signs in horses infected with Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) virus.

The disease course is milder than EEE with a 15-20% mortality rate. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary target cells of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV)?

Macrophages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate associated with Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) infection in horses?

70-90%. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the transmission of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) and its mutation leading to Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV).

FCoV is shed in feces and transmission is by ingestion or inhalation. Mutation in select strains leads to FIPV emergence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical feature of the Dry form of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)?

Pyogranulomatous vasculitis in all organs including the eye and brain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cell type infected by Canine Distemper Virus?

Epithelial, lymphoid, and oligodendroglial cells Signup and view all the answers

How is Canine Distemper Virus carried to the Central Nervous System (CNS) following infection?

By infected lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of transmission of Rabies virus?

Contact with saliva from an infected animal Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic lesion observed in the brain with Canine Distemper Virus infection?

Lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive method for diagnosing Rabies virus infection?

Demonstration of viral antigens in the brain postmortem Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs commonly associated with Canine Distemper Virus infection?

Leukopenia, diarrhea, vomiting, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, coughing, hardening of the nose and footpads Signup and view all the answers

How does Rabies virus move within the body to reach the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

By retrograde axoplasmic flow to neurons in the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome following acute Canine Distemper Virus infection?

Recovery and lifelong immunity or neurologic disease and death Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes urban rabies from sylvatic rabies in terms of host maintenance?

Urban rabies is maintained in dogs, while sylvatic rabies is maintained in raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of onset for Canine Distemper Virus infection in relation to maternal antibodies?

Between 3 – 6 months when maternal antibody declines Signup and view all the answers