Viruses of the Nervous System: Diagnosis and Pathogenesis

Rabies virus = All species Canine distemper virus = Dogs Canine herpes virus = Puppies less than 6 weeks of age Equine herpes virus 1 = Horses

Feline infectious peritonitis virus = Unknown Feline immunodeficiency virus = Unknown Feline leukemia virus = Myelitis Feline panleukopenia virus = Cerebellar hypoplasia

Rabies virus = Unknown Canine distemper virus = Unknown Canine herpes virus = Encephalitis in puppies less than 6 weeks of age Feline immunodeficiency virus = Unknown

<p>Equine herpes virus 1 = Unknown West Nile virus = Unknown Equine Togaviruses (EEE, WEE, VEE) = Unknown Equine infectious anemia viruses = Rarely neurotropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine distemper virus = Unknown Feline infectious peritonitis virus = Unknown Equine herpes virus 1 = Unknown Equine Togaviruses (EEE, WEE, VEE) = Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rabies virus = Unknown Canine distemper virus = Unknown Feline immunodeficiency virus = Unknown West Nile virus = Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine Distemper Virus = Oligodendroglial cells Rabies virus = Myocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine Distemper Virus = Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge Rabies virus = Hardening of the nose and footpads</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine Distemper Virus = Postmortem only Rabies virus = Postmortem only</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection occurs between 3 – 6 months when maternal antibody declines = Canine Distemper Virus Endemic on all continents except Australia and Antarctica = Rabies virus Infection is invariably fatal = Rabies virus Highly contagious and infects dogs and a number of wildlife species including lions, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, raccoons, etc. = Canine Distemper Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine Distemper Virus = Inhalation of respiratory secretions Rabies virus = Bite from an infected animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perivascular cuffing, Demyelination may progress to necrosis and infiltration by gitter cells = Canine Distemper Virus Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Negri bodies) in the neurons = Rabies virus Produces both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies = Canine Distemper Virus White matter vacuolation (from demyelination) = Canine Distemper Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rabies virus = Maintained in raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes Canine Distemper Virus = Infects many cell types including epithelial, lymphoid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virus is carried to the CNS by infected lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets = Canine Distemper Virus Initial replication is in myocytes and then passes to axon terminals of motor neurons = Rabies virus Virus spreads in the CSF once in the brain = Canine Distemper Virus Virus moves by retrograde axoplasmic flow to neurons in the CNS = Rabies virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban rabies in dogs accounts for 95% of all human cases = Rabies virus Acute disease followed by recovery and lifelong immunity or neurologic disease and death = Canine Distemper Virus Short clinical course lasting for a few days to a few weeks = Rabies virus Affects the skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, and brain = Canine Distemper Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination of pets to break the urban cycle = Rabies virus Age of onset and progression of neurological signs = Canine Distemper Virus Presence of other clinical signs like vomiting and coughing = Canine Distemper Virus Diagnosis is only post-mortem by demonstration of viral antigens in the brain = Rabies virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) = Feline coronavirus (FCoV) Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) = Lentivirus (Retrovirus) Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy = Equine Herpes virus 1 West Nile Virus = Flaviviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein-rich fluid in the dilated ventricles = Wet form Pyogranulomatous vasculitis in all organs including the eye and brain = Dry form Loss of cerebral white matter = Wet form Pyogranulomatous inflammation extending into the ventricle = Dry form</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) = Transmitted by bites West Nile Virus = Mosquito-borne Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) = Mosquito-borne Equine herpesvirus 1 = Respiratory or reproductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy = PCR on nasal swabs Eastern equine encephalitis = IgM ELISA on serum West Nile Virus infection = PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem Equine herpesvirus 1 infection = PCR on nasal swabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>West Nile Virus = Primarily neurologic Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) = Death occurs 3-4 days after onset of neurologic signs Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) = Often subclinical in humans Equine Herpes virus 1 = Respiratory and reproductive issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) = Invariably fatal Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) = Recurrent infection of skin, eyes, respiratory tract Differentiating between Rabies, FIP, and FIV = Progression of the disease Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy = Vasculitis, necrosis, and hemorrhage in spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) = Lymph node West Nile Virus = Local lymph nodes Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) = Local lymph nodes Equine Herpes virus 1 = Local lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perivascular cuffing = Equine neurotropic viruses Gliosis = Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy Hemorrhage in the gray matter = Equine neurotropic viruses Perivascular lymphocytic cuffing = Feline immunodeficiency virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) = IgM ELISA on serum Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) = IgM ELISA on serum West Nile Virus infection = PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy diagnosis = PCR on nasal swabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pony purchased via internet ad as companion to mare, resulting in ataxia in mare after 4 weeks. = Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy Clinical scenario involving a wild pony and an ataxic mare. = Rabies virus infection 20-year-old pony bought as companion to mare showing ataxic signs. = Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) infection Differential list including West Nile Virus and Eastern equine encephalitis. = West Nile Virus infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine herpes virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feline leukemia virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feline panleukopenia virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equine herpes virus 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canine distemper virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equine infectious anemia viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virus is picked up by dendritic cells from the bite wound and carried to the local lymph nodes, where it infects T lymphocytes and replicates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasculitis, necrosis, and hemorrhage in the spinal cord and brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through mosquito-borne transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EEE virus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnosis is by IgM ELISA on serum and PCR or IHC on brain and spinal cord post-mortem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disease course is milder than EEE with a 15-20% mortality rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70-90%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FCoV is shed in feces and transmission is by ingestion or inhalation. Mutation in select strains leads to FIPV emergence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyogranulomatous vasculitis in all organs including the eye and brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial, lymphoid, and oligodendroglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By infected lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact with saliva from an infected animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demonstration of viral antigens in the brain postmortem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukopenia, diarrhea, vomiting, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, coughing, hardening of the nose and footpads</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By retrograde axoplasmic flow to neurons in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recovery and lifelong immunity or neurologic disease and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban rabies is maintained in dogs, while sylvatic rabies is maintained in raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 3 – 6 months when maternal antibody declines</p> Signup and view all the answers