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Questions and Answers
What characteristic is associated with coxsackieviruses?
What characteristic is associated with coxsackieviruses?
Which type of enterovirus was identified as predominant in the United States during 2006-2008?
Which type of enterovirus was identified as predominant in the United States during 2006-2008?
What describes the epidemic pattern of enteroviruses?
What describes the epidemic pattern of enteroviruses?
What significant health concern was associated with Enterovirus 68 in 2014?
What significant health concern was associated with Enterovirus 68 in 2014?
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Which factor plays an important role in the infection of susceptible persons by coxsackieviruses?
Which factor plays an important role in the infection of susceptible persons by coxsackieviruses?
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What is the genome type of echoviruses?
What is the genome type of echoviruses?
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Which protein acts as a major antibody-binding site in echoviruses?
Which protein acts as a major antibody-binding site in echoviruses?
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What is required for the translation of echovirus RNA into proteins?
What is required for the translation of echovirus RNA into proteins?
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Which receptors can enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 use?
Which receptors can enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 use?
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What is a notable characteristic of coxsackieviruses?
What is a notable characteristic of coxsackieviruses?
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What triggers a conformational change in the virion of echoviruses during infection?
What triggers a conformational change in the virion of echoviruses during infection?
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Which of the following viruses is associated with poliomyelitis?
Which of the following viruses is associated with poliomyelitis?
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What distinguishes echoviruses from rhinoviruses in terms of receptor usage?
What distinguishes echoviruses from rhinoviruses in terms of receptor usage?
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What serotypes are associated with the Polio virus?
What serotypes are associated with the Polio virus?
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Which serotype group has over 150 identified serotypes?
Which serotype group has over 150 identified serotypes?
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Which of the following enteroviruses is known to be labile at acid pH (pH 3.0)?
Which of the following enteroviruses is known to be labile at acid pH (pH 3.0)?
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Where is the common site of isolation for Coxsackie A viruses?
Where is the common site of isolation for Coxsackie A viruses?
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What is the optimal temperature for the growth of all Enteroviruses mentioned?
What is the optimal temperature for the growth of all Enteroviruses mentioned?
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Which of the following viruses does not infect newborn mice?
Which of the following viruses does not infect newborn mice?
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Which Coxsackievirus type has only been identified up to 24 serotypes?
Which Coxsackievirus type has only been identified up to 24 serotypes?
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What density is characteristic of Polio, Coxsackie A, Coxsackie B, and Echoa viruses?
What density is characteristic of Polio, Coxsackie A, Coxsackie B, and Echoa viruses?
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Which enterovirus mentioned forms a stable component at acid pH?
Which enterovirus mentioned forms a stable component at acid pH?
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Which enterovirus has been recently classified rather than subclassified?
Which enterovirus has been recently classified rather than subclassified?
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Which of the following groups do coxsackieviruses belong to?
Which of the following groups do coxsackieviruses belong to?
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Which type of viral RNA is involved in the synthesis of new viral RNA?
Which type of viral RNA is involved in the synthesis of new viral RNA?
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What are the aggregates formed by the cleavage of coat precursor protein P1 called?
What are the aggregates formed by the cleavage of coat precursor protein P1 called?
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How do many plus strands generated during viral replication get utilized?
How do many plus strands generated during viral replication get utilized?
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Which enterovirus types have been assigned new type numbers since 1969?
Which enterovirus types have been assigned new type numbers since 1969?
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What differentiates parechoviruses from enteroviruses?
What differentiates parechoviruses from enteroviruses?
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What type of viruses fall into the HRV species?
What type of viruses fall into the HRV species?
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Which viral component needs to be cleaved for provirions to become infectious?
Which viral component needs to be cleaved for provirions to become infectious?
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Identify the types of echoviruses mentioned in the content.
Identify the types of echoviruses mentioned in the content.
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Which enterovirus types are classified excluding type 72?
Which enterovirus types are classified excluding type 72?
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Which characteristic is true about coxsackieviruses compared to other human enteroviruses?
Which characteristic is true about coxsackieviruses compared to other human enteroviruses?
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What type of lesions do Type A7 strains of coxsackieviruses produce in monkeys?
What type of lesions do Type A7 strains of coxsackieviruses produce in monkeys?
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What type of infections do Group A viruses produce in newborn mice?
What type of infections do Group A viruses produce in newborn mice?
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Which specific virus is known to produce echoviruses?
Which specific virus is known to produce echoviruses?
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What type of muscles are affected by coxsackieviruses in newborn mice?
What type of muscles are affected by coxsackieviruses in newborn mice?
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What is the primary effect of certain strains of enteroviruses in adult mice?
What is the primary effect of certain strains of enteroviruses in adult mice?
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Which factor influences the susceptibility of mice to coxsackie B viruses?
Which factor influences the susceptibility of mice to coxsackie B viruses?
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What is a key characteristic of coxsackieviruses regarding their pathogenicity?
What is a key characteristic of coxsackieviruses regarding their pathogenicity?
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Which animal model shows severe CNS lesions due to certain strains of coxsackieviruses?
Which animal model shows severe CNS lesions due to certain strains of coxsackieviruses?
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What condition does coxsackievirus primarily cause in suckling mice?
What condition does coxsackievirus primarily cause in suckling mice?
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Study Notes
Virus Characteristics
- Genome is single-stranded RNA, linear, positive-sense, ranging from 7.2–8.4 kb in size with a molecular weight of 2.5 million.
- Infectious strain contains genome-linked protein (VPg), with no lipid envelope.
- Composed of four major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein; capsid proteins VP1 and VP3 serve as major antibody-binding sites.
Cellular Interaction
- Echoviruses recognize integrin adhesion receptors; not all rhinoviruses use the same cellular receptor.
- Enteroviruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease utilize two receptors, SCARB2 and PSGL1.
- Receptor binding triggers a conformational change in the virion, enabling RNA release into the cytoplasm.
Replication Mechanism
- Replication occurs in the cytoplasm via a cap-independent translation mechanism utilizing the internal ribosome entry site (IRES).
- The process allows viral RNA synthesis while bypassing cellular initiation factor complexes (eIF4F).
Enterovirus Types and Properties
- Includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses (group A and B), echoviruses, and enteroviruses.
- Coxsackieviruses tend to be more pathogenic than echoviruses. They frequently infect newborn mice, unlike most other human enteroviruses.
- Common serotypes among coxsackieviruses and their properties include: stable in acid pH, optimal growth temperature at 37°C.
Disease Associations
- Associated illnesses range from poliomyelitis to aseptic meningitis and the common cold.
- Epidemic patterns show fluctuations in enterovirus circulation; endemic patterns reflect stable, low-level circulation.
- Notable incidence of infections among children, particularly in summer and early fall. Models suggest familial exposure is significant in infection spread.
Public Health Concerns
- Enterovirus 68 caused severe respiratory illness outbreaks, particularly in asthmatic children, raising public health alerts.
- Acute flaccid paralysis observed in some cases during recent outbreaks, marking a worrying trend among infections.
Historical Context
- Reclassifications have occurred, notably since 1969, illustrating a dynamic taxonomy of enteroviruses.
- Enterovirus types and strains continually evolve; some specific types were eliminated from classifications based on new findings.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on echoviruses, including their genomic structure and protein characteristics. This quiz will cover key aspects of single-stranded RNA viruses and their cellular receptors. Perfect for students in virology or microbiology courses.
