Virology Quiz on Echoviruses

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Questions and Answers

What characteristic is associated with coxsackieviruses?

High transmission rates only in winter

More frequent recovery in summer and early fall (correct)

Recovery more frequent in cooler climates

Infection leading to lifelong immunity

Which type of enterovirus was identified as predominant in the United States during 2006-2008?

Coxsackievirus B1 (correct)

Echovirus 4

Coxsackievirus B4

Enterovirus 68

What describes the epidemic pattern of enteroviruses?

Stable, low-level circulation with few peaks

High-level steady circulation throughout the year

Consistent outbreak every summer

Fluctuations in circulation levels (correct)

What significant health concern was associated with Enterovirus 68 in 2014?

Severe respiratory illness among children Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays an important role in the infection of susceptible persons by coxsackieviruses?

Familial exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the genome type of echoviruses?

Single-stranded RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which protein acts as a major antibody-binding site in echoviruses?

VP1 Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the translation of echovirus RNA into proteins?

Cap-independent mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors can enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 use?

SCARB2 and PSGL1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of coxsackieviruses?

They can cause diseases including aseptic meningitis. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers a conformational change in the virion of echoviruses during infection?

Receptor binding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is associated with poliomyelitis?

Poliovirus Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes echoviruses from rhinoviruses in terms of receptor usage?

Echoviruses may not use the same receptors as all rhinoviruses. Signup and view all the answers

What serotypes are associated with the Polio virus?

1–3 Signup and view all the answers

Which serotype group has over 150 identified serotypes?

Human Rhinoviruses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enteroviruses is known to be labile at acid pH (pH 3.0)?

Parechoviruses Signup and view all the answers

Where is the common site of isolation for Coxsackie A viruses?

Throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal temperature for the growth of all Enteroviruses mentioned?

37 °C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses does not infect newborn mice?

Echoa Signup and view all the answers

Which Coxsackievirus type has only been identified up to 24 serotypes?

Coxsackie A Signup and view all the answers

What density is characteristic of Polio, Coxsackie A, Coxsackie B, and Echoa viruses?

1.34 g/mL Signup and view all the answers

Which enterovirus mentioned forms a stable component at acid pH?

All Enteroviruses A–D Signup and view all the answers

Which enterovirus has been recently classified rather than subclassified?

Enteroviruses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups do coxsackieviruses belong to?

HEV-A and HEV-C Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viral RNA is involved in the synthesis of new viral RNA?

Minus-strand RNA Signup and view all the answers

What are the aggregates formed by the cleavage of coat precursor protein P1 called?

Protomers Signup and view all the answers

How do many plus strands generated during viral replication get utilized?

As templates for amplifying progeny RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which enterovirus types have been assigned new type numbers since 1969?

All enteroviruses Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates parechoviruses from enteroviruses?

Their biologic properties and molecular characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What type of viruses fall into the HRV species?

Rhinoviruses Signup and view all the answers

Which viral component needs to be cleaved for provirions to become infectious?

VP0 Signup and view all the answers

Identify the types of echoviruses mentioned in the content.

Types 1–33, excluding 8, 10, 22, 23, 28, 34 Signup and view all the answers

Which enterovirus types are classified excluding type 72?

Types 68–116 Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about coxsackieviruses compared to other human enteroviruses?

They are highly infective for newborn mice. Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions do Type A7 strains of coxsackieviruses produce in monkeys?

Paralysis and severe CNS lesions Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections do Group A viruses produce in newborn mice?

Widespread myositis Signup and view all the answers

Which specific virus is known to produce echoviruses?

Coxsackievirus A14 Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscles are affected by coxsackieviruses in newborn mice?

Skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of certain strains of enteroviruses in adult mice?

Poliomyelitis-like lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the susceptibility of mice to coxsackie B viruses?

Genetic makeup of inbred strains Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of coxsackieviruses regarding their pathogenicity?

Tend to be more pathogenic than other enteroviruses Signup and view all the answers

Which animal model shows severe CNS lesions due to certain strains of coxsackieviruses?

Monkeys Signup and view all the answers

What condition does coxsackievirus primarily cause in suckling mice?

Flaccid paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Virus Characteristics

Genome is single-stranded RNA, linear, positive-sense, ranging from 7.2–8.4 kb in size with a molecular weight of 2.5 million.
Infectious strain contains genome-linked protein (VPg), with no lipid envelope.
Composed of four major polypeptides cleaved from a large precursor polyprotein; capsid proteins VP1 and VP3 serve as major antibody-binding sites.

Cellular Interaction

Echoviruses recognize integrin adhesion receptors; not all rhinoviruses use the same cellular receptor.
Enteroviruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease utilize two receptors, SCARB2 and PSGL1.
Receptor binding triggers a conformational change in the virion, enabling RNA release into the cytoplasm.

Replication Mechanism

Replication occurs in the cytoplasm via a cap-independent translation mechanism utilizing the internal ribosome entry site (IRES).
The process allows viral RNA synthesis while bypassing cellular initiation factor complexes (eIF4F).

Enterovirus Types and Properties

Includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses (group A and B), echoviruses, and enteroviruses.
Coxsackieviruses tend to be more pathogenic than echoviruses. They frequently infect newborn mice, unlike most other human enteroviruses.
Common serotypes among coxsackieviruses and their properties include: stable in acid pH, optimal growth temperature at 37°C.

Disease Associations

Associated illnesses range from poliomyelitis to aseptic meningitis and the common cold.
Epidemic patterns show fluctuations in enterovirus circulation; endemic patterns reflect stable, low-level circulation.
Notable incidence of infections among children, particularly in summer and early fall. Models suggest familial exposure is significant in infection spread.

Public Health Concerns

Enterovirus 68 caused severe respiratory illness outbreaks, particularly in asthmatic children, raising public health alerts.
Acute flaccid paralysis observed in some cases during recent outbreaks, marking a worrying trend among infections.

Historical Context

Reclassifications have occurred, notably since 1969, illustrating a dynamic taxonomy of enteroviruses.
Enterovirus types and strains continually evolve; some specific types were eliminated from classifications based on new findings.

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Description

Test your knowledge on echoviruses, including their genomic structure and protein characteristics. This quiz will cover key aspects of single-stranded RNA viruses and their cellular receptors. Perfect for students in virology or microbiology courses.