Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of acute atrophic candidiasis?
What is a common cause of acute atrophic candidiasis?
- Prolonged use of antibiotics or corticosteroids (correct)
- Vitamin deficiency
- Poor oral hygiene practices
- Infection from dental procedures
What characteristic differentiates chronic atrophic candidiasis from acute atrophic candidiasis?
What characteristic differentiates chronic atrophic candidiasis from acute atrophic candidiasis?
- It occurs exclusively in young individuals
- Presence of a pseudomembrane
- It only affects the lower dental arch
- It is usually asymptomatic (correct)
In which area is chronic atrophic candidiasis most frequently found?
In which area is chronic atrophic candidiasis most frequently found?
- Under orthodontic appliances
- In the buccal mucosa
- Under upper dentures (correct)
- On the tongue
What feature is indicative of acute atrophic candidiasis histopathology?
What feature is indicative of acute atrophic candidiasis histopathology?
Which feature is most likely seen in the histopathology of chronic atrophic candidiasis?
Which feature is most likely seen in the histopathology of chronic atrophic candidiasis?
What is hairy leukoplakia most commonly associated with?
What is hairy leukoplakia most commonly associated with?
Which histological feature is characterized by swollen cells with specific nuclei in hairy leukoplakia?
Which histological feature is characterized by swollen cells with specific nuclei in hairy leukoplakia?
How does hairy leukoplakia typically present on the tongue?
How does hairy leukoplakia typically present on the tongue?
What is the significance of demonstrating EBV in patients with hairy leukoplakia?
What is the significance of demonstrating EBV in patients with hairy leukoplakia?
Which statement is true regarding the inflammatory response in hairy leukoplakia?
Which statement is true regarding the inflammatory response in hairy leukoplakia?
Which type of CMC candidiasis typically presents within the first five years of life and involves severe oral candidiasis and severe skin involvement?
Which type of CMC candidiasis typically presents within the first five years of life and involves severe oral candidiasis and severe skin involvement?
What is a characteristic endocrine symptom of Candidiosis endocrinopathy syndrome?
What is a characteristic endocrine symptom of Candidiosis endocrinopathy syndrome?
What is a common oral manifestation associated with congenital syphilis?
What is a common oral manifestation associated with congenital syphilis?
Which condition is associated with the formation of granulomas in the oral cavity?
Which condition is associated with the formation of granulomas in the oral cavity?
Which CMC candidiasis type is inherited as autosomal recessive?
Which CMC candidiasis type is inherited as autosomal recessive?
What is the characteristic appearance of Moon's molars in congenital syphilis?
What is the characteristic appearance of Moon's molars in congenital syphilis?
Which oral manifestation is most commonly associated with HIV infection?
Which oral manifestation is most commonly associated with HIV infection?
What is a common mode of transmission for HIV infection?
What is a common mode of transmission for HIV infection?
Which test is NOT typically used for diagnosing tuberculosis?
Which test is NOT typically used for diagnosing tuberculosis?
Which of the following is typically seen as a chronic oral candidiasis symptom in Candidiosis endocrinopathy syndrome?
Which of the following is typically seen as a chronic oral candidiasis symptom in Candidiosis endocrinopathy syndrome?
What type of leprosy shows predominant cell-mediated immunity?
What type of leprosy shows predominant cell-mediated immunity?
Which oral lesion is primarily associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
Which oral lesion is primarily associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?
Late onset CMC is characterized by its mild nature and primarily affects which area?
Late onset CMC is characterized by its mild nature and primarily affects which area?
Which group of lesions is strongly associated with HIV infection?
Which group of lesions is strongly associated with HIV infection?
What unique feature identifies Langhans cells in tuberculosis granulomas?
What unique feature identifies Langhans cells in tuberculosis granulomas?
Which of the following conditions is known to have a rare occurrence of oral cancer associated with it?
Which of the following conditions is known to have a rare occurrence of oral cancer associated with it?
What is the primary causative virus of herpetic stomatitis?
What is the primary causative virus of herpetic stomatitis?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by vesicular eruptions along the distribution of sensory nerves?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by vesicular eruptions along the distribution of sensory nerves?
What triggers the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in herpes zoster?
What triggers the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in herpes zoster?
Which oral finding is most characteristic of infectious mononucleosis?
Which oral finding is most characteristic of infectious mononucleosis?
What is a common symptom of primary herpes simplex virus infection in children?
What is a common symptom of primary herpes simplex virus infection in children?
In herpes labialis, which symptoms commonly precede the vesicular lesions?
In herpes labialis, which symptoms commonly precede the vesicular lesions?
What distinguishes herpangina from primary herpes simplex infection?
What distinguishes herpangina from primary herpes simplex infection?
What is the incubation period for herpetic gingivostomatitis?
What is the incubation period for herpetic gingivostomatitis?
Which virus is associated with hairy leukoplakia?
Which virus is associated with hairy leukoplakia?
Which of the following is a common complication of herpes zoster?
Which of the following is a common complication of herpes zoster?
Which virus causes hand, foot, and mouth disease?
Which virus causes hand, foot, and mouth disease?
What are Koplik's spots most commonly associated with?
What are Koplik's spots most commonly associated with?
What typically causes the vesicular ulcers in chickenpox?
What typically causes the vesicular ulcers in chickenpox?
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Study Notes
Viral Infections
- Herpetic stomatitis is the most common viral infection of the mouth and is mainly caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1).
- Herpetic gingivostomatitis is a primary infection, mostly seen in children and young adults.
- The incubation period for herpetic gingivostomatitis is 5 days, during which patients experience fever, malaise, numerous small vesicles on the oral mucosa, and regional lymphadenitis.
- Recurrent herpes infections occur in 1/3 of those who have had a primary infection and are characterized by localized symptoms without systemic illness.
- The most common form of recurrent herpes is herpes labialis.
- Herpes zoster is the recurrent form of chickenpox.
- Herpangina is caused by Coxsackie A virus and presents with fever, malaise, anorexia, and sore throat with vesicles on the palate, tonsils, and uvula that rupture leaving small ulcers.
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by coxsackie virus A and presents with small ulcers on the gingiva, tongue, palate, buccal mucosa, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet.
- Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and presents with fever, pharyngitis, enlarged lymph nodes, and long-lasting malaise.
- Measles is a viral infection that is more severe in developing countries and presents with Koplik's spots which are pin-point bluish-white spots against an erythematous background found on the buccal mucosa opposite the molar teeth.
- Hairy Leukoplakia is caused by EBV and presents as non-removable white patches on the lateral borders of the tongue, usually bilaterally.
Bacterial Infections
- Syphilis occurs in three stages: primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, and tertiary syphilis.
- Tertiary syphilis is rare but can lead to oral lesions, such as syphilitic leukoplakia.
- Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can lead to oral lesions, such as chronic, painless undermined ulcers.
Fungal Infections
- Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection that can occur in both a chronic and acute form.
- Acute atrophic (erythematous) candidiasis presents as red, often painful areas, resembling thrush but without the pseudomembrane.
- Chronic atrophic candidiasis (denture stomatitis) is commonly found in denture wearers and is characterized by erythema and edema of the covered mucosa.
- Candidiasis can also be associated with immune deficiencies, such as HIV infection.
- Deep visceral mycosis is a rare fungal infection that can affect the oral mucosa and is often associated with immune deficiency.
HIV Infection
- HIV infection is a viral infection that can lead to AIDS, a condition characterized by opportunistic infections and cancers.
- Oral manifestations of HIV infection can be categorized into three groups:
- Group 1: Lesions strongly associated with HIV infection, such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and HIV-associated periodontal diseases.
- Group 2: Lesions commonly associated with HIV infection, such as atypical ulceration, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and salivary gland disorders.
- Group 3: Lesions possibly associated with HIV infection, such as bacterial infections, fungal infections, melanotic hyperpigmentation, and neurological disturbances.
- HIV gingivitis (linear gingival erythema) is a characteristic finding in HIV infection and presents as a band of erythema along the gingival margin.
Other
- Ramsy Hunt syndrome is caused by herpes zoster and affects the facial and auditory nerves, leading to facial paralysis, painful vesicular eruptions, tinnitus, deafness, vertigo, and loss of taste sensation.
- Congenital syphilis is a condition that presents with various symptoms, including dental defects, eighth nerve defect, ocular keratitis, saddle nose, and other bone and organ defects.
Histopathology
- Histopathology is a valuable tool for diagnosing oral infections, as it allows for the identification of specific characteristics of the infecting organism and the host response.
- Granulomas are often found in tuberculosis, with characteristically arranged multinucleated giant cells known as Langhans cells.
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