Viral Infections Overview and Skin Conditions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Inhalation of aerosolized rodent feces, urine, and saliva (correct)

Fecal-oral route

Use of contaminated eating utensils

Direct contact with infected individuals

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

Cough

Abdominal cramping (correct)

Hypotension

Fever

Which laboratory diagnostic procedure is used for diagnosing Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

Isolation of the etiologic agent from respiratory secretions (correct)

Complete blood count (CBC)

Blood smear analysis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

What standard precautions should be used for adult patients with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?

Standard Precautions only Signup and view all the answers

Influenza is primarily caused by which types of viruses?

Types A, B, and C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the reservoirs for Hantavirus?

Rodents, including deer mice and pack rats Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly associated with influenza?

Myalgias (muscular pain) Signup and view all the answers

For what duration should Contact Precautions be added for infants and young children with infections?

For the duration of the illness Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

Gradual progressive psychoneurological deterioration Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken for hospitalized patients with monkeypox?

Airborne and contact precautions until lesions crusted Signup and view all the answers

How is monkeypox primarily transmitted to humans?

Bite from infected animals or contact with their fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is NOT mentioned for monkeypox?

Serological testing for antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a key clinical feature of monkeypox compared to smallpox?

Monkeypox has a milder presentation Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances should airborne precautions be implemented for an infected patient?

For patients with symptomatic monkeypox prior to lesion crusting Signup and view all the answers

Which virus group does monkeypox belong to?

Orthopoxviruses Signup and view all the answers

What type of contact is necessary for transmission of infections like monkeypox?

Contact with infected animal fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for mumps?

Direct contact with saliva of an infected person Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a case fatality rate of 50%-90%?

Marburg virus infection Signup and view all the answers

What type of precaution should be exercised for hospitalized patients during a mumps infection?

Droplet, standard, and contact precautions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory diagnostic procedures is useful for diagnosing mumps?

Immunodiagnostic procedures or cell culture Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom is associated with viral hemorrhagic fevers?

Internal hemorrhaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective practice for infection control during patient care of hemorrhagic fever patients?

Use of sharps safety devices and barrier protection Signup and view all the answers

Which viruses are part of the Filoviridae family and known to cause viral hemorrhagic diseases?

Ebola virus and Marburg virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the Ebola virus, known for causing severe illness?

80 nm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Transmission: Inhaling aerosolized rodent excreta (urine, droppings, saliva)
Symptoms: NOT a symptom – Fever: A common symptom is high fever, not its absence.
Diagnosis: Laboratory Procedure: Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies.
Standard Precautions: Contact Precautions are needed for patients with HPS to prevent spread through direct contact with bodily fluids.

Influenza

Causative Agents: Influenza A, B, and C viruses.
Reservoirs: Rodents and other small mammals.
Symptom: Cough is a common symptom.
Contact Precautions Duration: Infants and young children require Contact Precautions until 48 hours after the onset of fever.

Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

Characteristic: Progressive neurological deterioration leading to death typically years after measles infection.

Monkeypox

Hospitalized Patient Precautions: Contact Precautions, including gowns, gloves, masks, and eye protection, are necessary for patients with monkeypox.
Transmission: Primary route is through contact with infected animals, but human-to-human spread is possible through close contact with infected lesions.
Diagnostic Methods: **NOT mentioned – Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): A common method
Clinical Feature: Monkeypox lesions are typically more superficial compared to smallpox lesions.
Airborne Precautions: Implement ONLY if patient is undergoing procedures that may generate aerosols.
Virus Family: Poxviridae family.
Type of Contact: Direct contact with infected persons, materials, and animals.

Mumps

Transmission: Droplet spread.
Disease with High Case Fatality Rate: Ebola virus disease (a hemorrhagic fever), has a case fatality rate of 50%-90%.
Precautions for Hospitalized Patients: Droplet Precautions are required to minimize spread from respiratory secretions.
Laboratory Procedure: Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are helpful in diagnosing mumps.
Common Symptom: Swelling of the salivary glands (parotid glands) is characteristic.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Common Symptom: Bleeding from various sites is prevalent in these conditions.
Infection Control: Strict adherence to Standard Precautions and Contact Precautions, including personal protective equipment (PPE), is vital.
Filoviridae Family: Ebola virus and Marburg virus are in this family and cause severe hemorrhagic fevers.
Diameter of Ebola Virus: Approximately 80-100 nanometers.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of viral infections, including their mechanisms, transmission, and effects on the body. It specifically highlights viral infections of the skin, such as chickenpox, shingles, and measles. Test your knowledge on these important virology topics and understand the implications of various viral diseases.