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Identify the three broad paradigms in terms of which the concept ‘victim’ can be defined.
Identify the three broad paradigms in terms of which the concept ‘victim’ can be defined.
The three broad paradigms in terms of which the concept 'victim' can be defined are the conservative law and order paradigm, the social justice paradigm, and the critical victimology paradigm.
Explain what secondary victimisation entails.
Explain what secondary victimisation entails.
Secondary victimisation refers to the additional harm or trauma that a victim may experience as a result of their interactions with the criminal justice system or other institutions.
Define the concept ‘repeat victimisation’.
Define the concept ‘repeat victimisation’.
Repeat victimisation refers to the phenomenon where an individual or a location experiences multiple victimisation incidents over a period of time.
Explain the Radical Victimology paradigm and its approach to the dynamics between the offender and the victim.
Explain the Radical Victimology paradigm and its approach to the dynamics between the offender and the victim.
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What is the Critical Victimology paradigm and how does it view crime and offenders?
What is the Critical Victimology paradigm and how does it view crime and offenders?
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According to Viano, what are the four stages a person must go through to be treated as a victim?
According to Viano, what are the four stages a person must go through to be treated as a victim?
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What is secondary victimisation and who can contribute to it?
What is secondary victimisation and who can contribute to it?
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Study Notes
Broad Paradigms Defining 'Victim'
- Legal Paradigm: Concentrates on the legal definitions and protections of victims within the criminal justice system.
- Medical Paradigm: Focuses on the psychological and physical impacts of victimization, often emphasizing treatment and recovery.
- Sociological Paradigm: Examines the social contexts and power dynamics that influence victimization, including societal structures and inequalities.
Secondary Victimization
- Involves additional trauma experienced by victims through their interactions with institutions, such as law enforcement or the legal system.
- Can be caused by inadequate support, lack of empathy, or victim-blaming attitudes from professionals and authorities.
- May lead to feelings of helplessness, anger, and further psychological distress for victims.
Repeat Victimization
- Refers to instances where a victim experiences multiple crimes over a specific period.
- This can occur due to existing vulnerabilities or targeted behaviors by offenders who perceive a victim as an easy target.
Radical Victimology Paradigm
- Highlights the societal and systemic factors contributing to victimization.
- Focuses on the power dynamics between offenders and victims, emphasizing how social structures create and perpetuate victimization.
- Advocates for addressing root causes of crime, rather than solely focusing on punitive measures against offenders.
Critical Victimology Paradigm
- Challenges traditional views of crime and emphasizes the socio-political context in which victimization occurs.
- Views crime as a consequence of broader systemic issues rather than merely individual actions.
- Questions the definitions of who is considered a victim and how society allows for criminal behavior, including systemic injustices.
Viano's Four Stages to be Treated as a Victim
- Recognition: Individuals must recognize an event as victimization rather than viewing it as a personal failure or misunderstanding.
- Labeling: Society or authorities must formally label the individual as a victim.
- Validation: The experiences and feelings of the person must be validated by peers, professionals, or community support.
- Support: Access to assistance and resources for recovery and empowerment is crucial for the individual’s process of accepting and healing from their victimization.
Contributors to Secondary Victimization
- Legal professionals challenging victim credibility or experiences.
- Law enforcement personnel dismissing or trivializing victim reports.
- Social support networks offering inadequate emotional or practical help.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Victimology concepts and definitions in this quiz. Identify different paradigms of defining a victim, understand Viano's process approach, explain secondary victimisation, and define repeat victimisation. Sharpen your understanding of Victimology in this quiz.
