Veterinary Zootechnics 53: Animal Nutrition

Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern of nutrition in animals?

The processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients (correct)

The aesthetic appeal of animal food

The cost-effectiveness of animal feeds

The frequency of feeding schedules

Which of the following groups includes only essential nutrients for animals?

Fats, starches, preservatives, and nutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and water (correct)

Water, sugars, salts, and alcohols

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and sugars

Which function is NOT typically associated with nutrients?

Thermal insulation during winter (correct)

Providing energy for vital activities

Controlling metabolic processes

Maintaining health and wellness

What term describes any material that can be digested, absorbed, and utilized by animals?

Feed Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the amount of feed given to animals?

To ensure nutritional balance and prevent toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a nutrient?

A chemical element or compound essential for metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the roles of nutrients in an animal's body?

Supporting the structure of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not typically characterized as a major part of animal feeds?

Flavoring agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in plants?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes concentrates in animal feeds?

Rich in energy and/or protein, low in fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a supplement in animal feed?

To improve the nutritional value of the base feed Signup and view all the answers

How is silage preserved?

By anaerobic fermentation that lowers pH Signup and view all the answers

What should be maintained for optimal health in animals, according to the content?

Water content of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which source of water can be produced during metabolism?

Metabolic water Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of newly born animals regarding water content?

They contain 750–800g water per kg body weight. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?

Storing energy Signup and view all the answers

What nitrogenous waste do mammals primarily excrete, affecting their water requirements?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

How do birds' water requirements compare to those of mammals?

Lower than mammals due to uric acid excretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor affecting water intake in animals during cold weather?

Increased feed intake Signup and view all the answers

Which feedstuff is known to increase water requirements due to its high water-absorbing characteristics?

Wheat bran Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario are mature beef cattle and sheep able to rely solely on snow for their water needs?

In cold climates Signup and view all the answers

What factor associated with diet is likely to increase an animal's water intake?

High protein intake Signup and view all the answers

How does heat stress affect animal water intake?

Increases water intake due to higher heat production. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the sensitivity of animals to water versus food intake?

Lack of water has a more immediate effect than lack of food. Signup and view all the answers

What are essential nutrients required for in an animal's diet?

They cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes non-essential nutrients?

They are manufactured by the body. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ration' refer to in animal nutrition?

The 24-hour feed allowance for an individual animal. Signup and view all the answers

How is the nutritive value of feed determined?

By evaluating its protein, mineral, and energy composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of balanced rations in animal nutrition?

To provide all nutrients required for specific performance levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by nutrient requirements for livestock?

The minimum nutrients necessary for maintenance and performance. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the impact of animal nutrition on livestock production?

It fosters safety and dietary quality for human consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What primary substance do plants utilize to form complex nutrients?

Carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Animal Nutrition

Understanding the role of nutrition is crucial for the animal industry.
Nutrition involves the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, utilization, and excretion of nutrients.
Nutrients are essential chemical compounds aiding in animal life; includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Nutrient Functions

Nutrients build the structural components of the body and maintain overall health.
Control metabolic processes vital for growth, cell activity, enzyme production, and temperature regulation.
Provide energy that can be stored or used immediately for essential activities.

Nutritional Terminology

Essential Nutrients: Must be included in the diet as the body cannot synthesize enough to meet metabolic needs.
Non-essential Nutrients: Produced by the body and do not need to be obtained from the diet.
Nutrient Requirements: Minimum levels of nutrients needed for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, or work.
Nutritive Value (NV): Measure of the feed's protein, mineral, and energy contents, and the efficiency of energy utilization.

Ration and Balanced Ration

Ration: The total feed allowed for an individual animal over 24 hours.
Balanced Ration: Complete feed providing necessary nutrients for animals to maintain health and optimal performance levels.

Nutrient Sources

Most animal feeds are derived from plants that convert CO2 and water into complex substances through photosynthesis.
Concentrates: High energy/protein feeds low in fiber (e.g., corn, soybean meal).
Supplements: Feed mixes to enhance the nutritional value of a ration.

Water in Animal Diet

Water is essential, varying from 750-800g/kg in neonates to about 500g/kg in mature animals.
Functions include nutrient transport, waste excretion, hydrolysis in chemical reactions, and body temperature regulation.
Sources of water include drinking water, water in food, and metabolic water produced during metabolism.

Water Requirements

Varies by species, with mammals needing more due to urea excretion.
Ruminants require more water for rumen ingesta suspension than non-ruminants.
Birds excrete uric acid, leading to lower water needs; fish excrete ammonia and often do not drink.
Cold weather increases water intake due to higher feed consumption.

Effects of Water Intake

Lack of water affects feed intake more significantly than lack of food; dehydration leads to rapid weight loss.
Dry matter intake correlates with water intake, influenced by feed's water content.
Environmental factors like heat stress increase water needs.

Conclusion

Effective animal nutrition is crucial for healthy livestock production and welfare.
Adequate understanding of nutrient types, food composition, and appropriate water intake is vital in veterinary zootechnics.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental principles of animal nutrition as part of the Veterinary Zootechnics curriculum for the 1st semester of the academic year 2023-2024. It aims to assess understanding of nutritional requirements and dietary management in veterinary practices.