34 Questions
What is the term used to describe the intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters?
Vasomotion
What is the primary factor that determines the degree of opening and closing of the metarterioles and precapillary sphincters?
Oxygen availability
How do lipid-soluble substances typically cross the capillary wall?
By dissolving in and diffusing across the endothelial membrane
What is the term used to describe the movement of water from the capillary plasma into the interstitial fluid?
Filtration
What is the term used to describe the fluid present in the interstitium, the spaces between cells?
Interstitial fluid
What is the term used to describe the large amounts of free interstitial fluid that can accumulate, causing edema?
Edema
What is the main function of the lymphatic system in relation to fluid balance?
To take up excess fluid from the tissue
What is the role of the precapillary sphincter?
To open or close the entrance of the capillary
How do water-soluble substances cross the capillary wall?
Through water-filled clefts or large pores (fenestrated capillaries)
What is the function of the metarterioles?
To regulate the blood flow through the capillaries
What is the main difference between the capillary walls of the brain and the liver?
The brain has tight junctions that allow only small molecules to pass, while the liver has wide open clefts between cells
What is the main role of the venules in the microcirculation?
To distribute blood volume within the body
What is the role of the lymphatic system in controlling interstitial fluid protein concentration, volume, and pressure?
Maintains protein concentration, volume, and pressure
What prevents interstitial fluid and protein from exiting lymphatic capillaries?
Flap valves
What is the main determinant of lymph flow within the lymphatic vessels?
Muscle contractions
What function does the lymphatic system perform related to fat transport?
Absorbs fats from intestines and transports to blood stream
Which system is responsible for transporting foreign material to lymph nodes for the development of immune cells?
Lymphatic system
How can changes in Starling forces affect fluid movement?
Influence direction and magnitude of fluid movement
What is the primary force that drives fluid out of the interstitial space into the capillaries?
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
What is the main function of the lymphatic system in relation to fluid balance?
To remove proteins and large particles from the interstitial spaces
What is the primary force that drives fluid reabsorption from the interstitial space into the capillaries?
Capillary oncotic pressure
What is the net filtration pressure at the arterial end of the capillary?
$10$ mmHg
What is the net filtration pressure at the venous end of the capillary?
$-8$ mmHg
What is the primary function of albumin in the body's fluid balance?
To hold water within the intravascular space
What is the role of capillary permeability in fluid movement?
It determines the hydraulic conductance of the capillary wall
What is the approximate amount of fluid that is reabsorbed from the interstitial spaces into the capillaries each day?
17 liters
What is the approximate amount of fluid that is filtered from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces each day?
20 liters
What is the primary force that drives fluid out of the capillaries at the arterial end?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is the primary cause of fluid accumulation in congestive heart failure?
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which condition is characterized by the leakage of plasma proteins into the intestinal tract, leading to decreased oncotic pressure and fluid accumulation?
Protein-losing enteropathy
What is the primary mechanism behind the development of edema or effusion in cases of local inflammation, such as a snake bite?
Release of vasoactive mediators
Which condition can impair the normal drainage of fluid from tissues, causing fluid accumulation?
Lymphoma
Which type of edema is characterized by fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity?
Ascites
What is the term used to describe the abnormal collection of fluid between tissues or in a hollow space?
Effusion
physio 1
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