Veterinary Pharmacology: Acepromazine & Butorphanol
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Questions and Answers

Acepromazine dose for dogs is ____ mg/kg.

0.02

Acepromazine maximum injection dose for dogs is ____ mg.

3

What class does Acepromazine belong to?

  • Opioid
  • Barbiturate
  • Phenothiazine (correct)
  • Benzodiazepine

Acepromazine is a controlled substance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Acepromazine provide analgesia?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of administration for Acepromazine?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some effects of Acepromazine?

<p>Sedation, peripheral vasodilation, antiarrhythmic effects, antiemetic, antihistamine effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of Acepromazine?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dose for Butorphanol is ____ mg/kg.

<p>0.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Butorphanol is a Class 4 controlled substance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is Butorphanol?

<p>Synthetic Opioid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Butorphanol provides mild to moderate analgesia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The onset time for SQ administration of Butorphanol is ____ minutes.

<p>15-20</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for Butorphanol?

<p>Pre-anesthetic and antitussive cough suppressant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an adverse effect of Butorphanol?

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dose for Buprenorphine is ____ mg/kg.

<p>0.015</p> Signup and view all the answers

Buprenorphine is a Class 3 controlled substance.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Buprenorphine?

<p>Partial agonist at Mu and Agonist at Kappa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The onset time for Buprenorphine is ____ minutes.

<p>30-45</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'First Pass Effect' refer to?

<p>Drugs absorbed from the intestinal tract are metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dose for Diazepam is ____ mg/kg.

<p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diazepam is a light-sensitive drug.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for Diazepam?

<p>Binds with GABA receptors in the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of Diazepam?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diazepam has analgesic effects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acepromazine dosage for dogs

Effective dose is 0.02 mg/kg with a max injection of 3 mg.

Acepromazine dosage for cats

Max injection dose is 1 mg for cats.

Acepromazine classification

Classed as a phenothiazine and not controlled.

Acepromazine administration routes

Administered via IV, IM, SQ, or PO.

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Acepromazine adverse effects

Includes lowered seizure threshold and hypotension.

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Butorphanol classification

Synthetic opioid and Class 4 controlled substance.

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Butorphanol dosage

Administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg.

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Butorphanol mechanism of action

Agonist at kappa receptors and antagonist at mu receptors.

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Butorphanol effects duration

Onset is 15-20 minutes; effects last 60-90 minutes.

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Buprenorphine classification

Synthetic opioid and Class 3 controlled substance.

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Buprenorphine dosage

Administered at a dose of 0.015 mg/kg.

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Buprenorphine action at receptors

Partial agonist at mu and agonist at kappa receptors.

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Buprenorphine adverse effects

Can cause severe respiratory depression at high doses.

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Diazepam classification

Benzodiazepine tranquilizer and Class 4 controlled substance.

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Diazepam dosage

Administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg.

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Diazepam mechanism of action

Binds to GABA receptors, enhancing CNS depression.

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Diazepam adverse effects

Minimal analgesic effects but acts as a muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant.

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General use of sedatives

Primarily used in veterinary medicine for sedation and pain relief.

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Importance of drug knowledge

Understanding drug class, side effects, and reversibility is crucial.

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Naloxone role

Reversal agent for opioid-related respiratory depression.

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Drug compatibility

Some drugs are not compatible, affecting treatment.

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Phenothiazine effects

Produces sedation and peripheral vasodilation.

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Onset of Acepromazine

Subcutaneous onset is 15-30 minutes.

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Butorphanol use cases

Commonly used as pre-anesthetic and antitussive.

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Buprenorphine first pass effect

Significantly metabolized before systemic circulation.

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Study Notes

Acepromazine

  • Effective dose for dogs: 0.02 mg/kg, max injection dose 3 mg; for cats: max injection dose 1 mg.
  • Classed as a phenothiazine; not controlled and lacking analgesic properties.
  • Administered via IV, IM, SQ, or PO; SQ onset is 15-30 minutes; effects last 3-6 hours.
  • Produces sedation, peripheral vasodilation, anti-arrhythmic, and antiemetic effects; contraindicated in animals undergoing allergy tests.
  • Adverse effects include lowered seizure threshold, hypotension, hypothermia, and prolapsed third eyelid; can cause excitement in terriers; not recommended for boxers.

Butorphanol (Torbugesic)

  • Dose for administration: 0.2 mg/kg; classified as a synthetic opioid and Class 4 controlled substance.
  • Exhibits agonist activity at kappa receptors, and antagonist activity at mu receptors.
  • Provides mild to moderate analgesia, beneficial for orchiectomies; administered via SQ, IM, IV, or PO with an onset of 15-20 minutes and duration of 60-90 minutes.
  • Functions as a pre-anesthetic and antitussive cough suppressant; side effects can include transient sedation and ataxia.
  • Reversal possible with naloxone as a pure antagonist.

Buprenorphine

  • Administered at a dose of 0.015 mg/kg; classified as a synthetic opioid and Class 3 controlled substance.
  • Acts as a partial agonist at mu and agonist at kappa receptors, effective for mild to moderate pain relief.
  • Administration routes include IV, IM, SQ, and OTM; onset is 30-45 minutes with a duration of 6-12 hours based on route.
  • Notably affected by the first pass effect, resulting in significant metabolism before reaching systemic circulation.
  • Potential adverse effects include severe respiratory depression at high doses and hypotension; has a high affinity for mu receptors, complicating naloxone reversal.

Diazepam

  • Dose is 0.5 mg/kg; classified as a benzodiazepine tranquilizer and Class 4 controlled substance.
  • Mechanism of action involves binding to GABA receptors, enhancing CNS depression effects of GABA.
  • Storage considerations: light-sensitive and not compatible with many water-soluble medications due to lipophilicity.
  • Administered IV; painful if given IM; also available in oral and rectal forms.
  • Provides calming, anti-anxiety effects, acts as a muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant; minimal analgesic effects; generally safe for older patients without liver or kidney disease.

General Notes

  • Drugs mentioned are utilized in veterinary medicine primarily for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation.
  • Knowledge of the drug class, administration routes, potential side effects, and reversibility is crucial for safe and effective use in clinical settings.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the pharmacological properties and dosages of Acepromazine and Butorphanol in veterinary practice. This quiz covers effective dosages, administration routes, effects, and adverse reactions, ensuring you understand these medications thoroughly for animal care.

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