Veterinary Pathology: Pericarditis Cases
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Questions and Answers

Match the type of pericarditis with its characteristic features:

Suppurative pericarditis = Thickened pericardium with foul-smelling pus Fibrinous pericarditis = Yellow fibrin deposits on the pericardium Traumatic reticulopericarditis = Foreign body-induced infection in the pericardial sac Chronic pericarditis = Potentially a long-term inflammatory response

Match the microscopic findings with their corresponding pericarditis:

Fibrinous pericarditis = Eosinophilic threads of fibrin and neutrophils Suppurative pericarditis = Infiltration of pus and bacteria Traumatic reticulopericarditis = Presence of foreign bodies in the tissue Chronic pericarditis = Fibrous tissue accumulation over time

Match the process of pathogenesis with the event it describes:

Penetration by foreign bodies = Accumulates in the reticulum Infection introduction = Happens after penetration of the diaphragm Inflammatory response = Results in pus accumulation Thickening of the pericardium = Leads to a shaggy appearance

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

<p>Myocardium Degeneration and Necrosis = Damage to heart muscle tissue FMD = Foot and Mouth Disease, a viral infection White Muscle Disease = Condition caused by Vitamin E and Selenium deficiencies Affected areas appear yellow or white = Characteristic gross appearance of damaged tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the gross findings with their disease context:

<p>Shaggy-appearing pericardium = Traumatic reticulopericarditis Yellow fibrin deposits = Fibrinous pericarditis Foul-smelling thick pus = Suppurative pericarditis Adherence of layers = Fibrinous deposits causing 'butter and bread' effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrients with their associated diseases:

<p>Vitamin E = Deficiency related to White Muscle Disease Selenium = Important mineral in preventing muscle degeneration Calcium = Not specifically linked to White Muscle Disease Vitamin D = Not directly associated with the mentioned conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the pericarditis type with the example provided:

<p>Suppurative pericarditis = Associated with severe bacterial infections Fibrinous pericarditis = Characterized by fibrin deposition Traumatic reticulopericarditis = Common in cattle due to foreign body penetration Chronic pericarditis = Often results from unresolved inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the conditions they relate to:

<p>Young farm animals affected = White Muscle Disease Necrotic heart tissue = Myocardium Degeneration and Necrosis Viral lesions on the mouth = FMD Yellow or white tissue appearance = Characteristic of White Muscle Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions to the diseases:

<p>FMD = A contagious viral disease of cattle and pigs White Muscle Disease = Nutritional myopathy due to deficiencies Myocardium = Heart muscle structure Necrosis = Death of cells in a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions to their related concepts:

<p>Affected areas appear yellow or white = Observation in White Muscle Disease Degeneration and Necrosis = Type of tissue damage in myocardium FMD in livestock = Affects multiple species including cattle Vitamin E and Selenium help prevent = Nutritional deficiencies that lead to White Muscle Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following causes of infections with their related organisms:

<p>Migrating Strongylus vulguris larvae in horses = Horse parasite Streptococcus equi in horses = Bacterial infection in horses Uremia in a dog = Kidney failure condition Ulcerative endocarditis = Heart inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sequels to endocarditis with their affected locations:

<p>Brain = Thromboembolism Kidney = Thromboembolism Spleen = Thromboembolism Joints = Thromboembolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their potential outcomes or complications:

<p>Endocarditis = Thromboembolisms Strongylus vulguris = Gastrointestinal problems Streptococcus equi = Respiratory issues Uremia = Toxin buildup in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

<p>Ulcerative endocarditis = Type of heart valve infection Thromboembolisms = Obstructions in blood vessels caused by clots Migrating larvae = Movement of parasite larvae in host Uremia = Accumulation of waste in the blood due to kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the conditions associated with horses to their respective types:

<p>Migrating Strongylus vulguris = Parasitic infection Streptococcus equi = Bacterial infection Uremia = Not specific to horses Endocarditis = Heart condition related to livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

<p>Lymphangitis = Inflammation of the lymph vessel Lymphontitis = Not a recognized medical term Right atrium = Chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood Spleen = Organ involved in blood filtration and immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their functions:

<p>Right atrium = Receives blood from the body Lymphatic vessels = Transport lymph fluid Spleen = Filters blood and helps fight infections Lymph nodes = House immune cells and filter lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following associated conditions with their primary characteristics:

<p>Lymphangitis = Can result from infections Lymphontitis = Not a valid medical condition Right atrium = Part of the heart's structure Spleen enlargement = Indicates possible infection or blood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their relevance to the cardiovascular system:

<p>Right atrium = Collects blood returning from the body Lymphatic vessels = Assist in returning excess fluid to circulation Red blood cells = Transport oxygen throughout the body Platelets = Play a role in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their related organs or systems:

<p>Right atrium = Heart Spleen = Lymphatic system Lymphangitis = Lymphatic vessels Circulatory system = Includes heart and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) with their descriptions:

<p>Salivation = Excessive production of saliva often leading to drooling Lameness = Difficulty in walking or standing due to foot lesions Fever = Elevated body temperature indicating infection or illness Decreased milk production = Lower than normal output of milk in dairy animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following serotypes of Foot and Mouth Disease with their corresponding designations:

<p>Serotype A = Commonly found in Asia Serotype O = Widely distributed globally Serotype C = Occurs sporadically in certain regions Serotype SAT-1 = Identified in parts of Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following typical gross findings of FMD with their characteristics:

<p>Hyperemia of oral mucosa = Redness due to increased blood flow Vesicles formation = Fluid-filled blisters often leading to ulcers Ulcers in the dorsal aspect of the tongue = Open sores in the upper part of the tongue Gray/yellow streaks ('tiger heart') = Muscle necrosis observed in young animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animals commonly affected by FMD with their classifications:

<p>Cattle = Major livestock species for milk and meat Sheep = Commonly raised for wool and meat Goats = Domesticated for milk, meat, and fiber Swine = Pigs raised for meat production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clinical findings of FMD with their implications:

<p>Sudden death in young animals = Acute myocarditis leading to rapid decline Hyperemia of mouth = Indicator of severe inflammation Decreased locomotion = Resulting from painful foot lesions Fever = Sign of systemic infection and distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the heart failure type with its associated characteristics:

<p>Left sided = Intra-alveolar hemorrhage Right sided = Edema and ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptive term with its corresponding finding in heart failure:

<p>Chronic passive congestion = Pulmonary venous congestion Heart Failure Cells = Iron pigment in alveolar macrophages Pulmonary edema = Red cell phagocytized by alveolar macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the findings within the lungs to their related conditions:

<p>Pulmonary venous congestion = Left sided heart failure Chronic passive congestion = Right sided heart failure Intra-alveolar hemorrhage = Left sided heart failure Edema and ascites = Right sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its specific pathological feature:

<p>Nutmeg liver = Chronic passive congestion of liver Heart Failure Cells = Red cell phagocytized by alveolar macrophages Pulmonary edema = Pulmonary venous congestion Systemic venous and portal hypertension = Right sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to heart failure with their definitions:

<p>Iron pigment in alveolar macrophages = Associated with chronic pulmonary diseases Pulmonary edema = Fluid accumulation in the lungs Nutmeg liver = Hepatic congestion due to right heart failure Chronic passive congestion = Long-term blood flow obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Septicemia & Cl. Novyi

  • Pericarditis caused by Cl. Novyi results in yellow fibrin deposits on the pericardium.
  • The parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium adhere, resembling "butter and bread."
  • Microscopically, the fibrin appears as eosinophilic threads with neutrophils.

Suppurative Pericarditis

  • Suppurative pericarditis can occur in cattle due to traumatic reticulopericarditis.
  • Foreign bodies like nails and wire accumulate in the reticulum, penetrating the reticular wall and diaphragm, leading to infection in the pericardial sac.
  • Grossly, the pericardial sac thickens with white rough masses, having a shaggy appearance, filled with white to grey, thick, foul-smelling pus.

Myocardial Degeneration & Necrosis

  • Myocardial degeneration and necrosis can occur in various conditions.
  • Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) affects young farm animals causing degeneration.
  • White Muscle Disease, caused by deficiencies in Vitamin E and Selenium, also affects young farm animals.
  • Grossly, affected regions in the heart appear yellow or white.
  • Migrating Strongylus vulguris larvae in horses and Streptococcus equi in horses can cause myocardial degeneration.

Endocarditis Sequelae

  • Endocarditis frequently leads to thromboembolisms.
  • Thromboembolisms can affect organs like the brain, kidneys, spleen, and joints.

Ulcerative Endocarditis

  • Ulcerative endocarditis is characterized by ulcers and mineralization.
  • It can be associated with uremia in dogs.

Lymphangitis & Lymphontitis

  • Lymphangitis and lymphontitis involve inflammation of lymph vessels.

Right Atrium

  • The right atrium can be affected by infections affecting the heart.
  • The right atrium may develop a brown coloration in cases of infections or diseases.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

  • FMD is a highly contagious viral disease, affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.
  • The virus belongs to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family.
  • Seven serotypes of FMD virus exist: A, O, C, Asia-1, SAT-1, SAT-2, and SAT-3.

Clinical Findings of FMD

  • Salivation, lameness, fever, and decreased milk production are common clinical signs.
  • Hyperemia in the mouth and coronary bands may form vesicles.
  • Sudden death can occur in young animals due to myocarditis.

Gross Findings of FMD

  • Hyperemia is observed in the oral mucosa, udder, and feet, particularly along the coronary band.
  • Vesicles and ulcers form on the dorsal aspect of the tongue and coronary band.
  • In young animals, myocardial necrosis may be evident, resulting in grey/yellow streaks ("tiger heart").

Left-Sided Heart Failure

  • Pulmonary venous congestion: Fluid backs up in the pulmonary veins due to the heart's inability to pump blood effectively.
  • Pulmonary edema: Fluid leaks from the congested pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli, causing shortness of breath.
  • Intra-alveolar hemorrhage: Red blood cells leak into the alveoli, potentially leading to coughing up blood.
  • Red cell phagocytized by alveolar macrophages: The immune cells in the lungs engulf the red blood cells.
  • Iron pigment in alveolar macrophages: The broken-down hemoglobin from the red blood cells leaves behind iron pigment, giving the macrophages a brown appearance, known as "Heart Failure Cells".

Right-Sided Heart Failure

  • Systemic venous and portal hypertension: The heart's inability to pump blood effectively leads to increased pressure in the veins of the body, including the portal vein that drains the intestines.
  • Chronic passive congestion: This means that blood pools in the tissues due to impaired drainage, leading to a build-up of fluid.
  • Edema and ascites: Fluid accumulates in the tissues, causing swelling (edema) and fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites).
  • Chronic passive congestion of liver: The liver, with its many veins, becomes congested with blood, leading to impaired liver function.
  • "Nutmeg liver": The liver's appearance resembles a nutmeg due to the alternating dark red (congested) and pale (normal) areas.

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Description

Explore the various pathological aspects of pericarditis in veterinary medicine, focusing on Clostridium Novyi and its implications. This quiz also covers suppurative pericarditis in cattle due to traumatic reticulopericarditis, along with myocardial degeneration and necrosis in farm animals. Test your understanding of these critical conditions.

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