Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor determines the ability of an infectious agent to infect a host?
Which factor determines the ability of an infectious agent to infect a host?
- Pathogenicity of the agent
- Genotypic changes in the agent
- Host immune status (correct)
- Virulence of the agent
What does the term 'virulence' refer to?
What does the term 'virulence' refer to?
- The severity of disease caused by an infectious agent (correct)
- The ability of an infectious agent to infect a host
- The ratio of infected individuals developing clinical illness
- The ability of an infectious agent to induce disease in a host
What is the difference between virulence and pathogenicity?
What is the difference between virulence and pathogenicity?
- Virulence refers to disease severity, while pathogenicity refers to the ability to infect (correct)
- Virulence is genotypically conditioned, while pathogenicity is phenotypically conditioned
- Virulence is intrinsic, while pathogenicity is extrinsic to the agent
- Virulence depends on the number of individuals exposed, while pathogenicity depends on susceptibility
Which characteristic differentiates highly virulent organisms?
Which characteristic differentiates highly virulent organisms?
In terms of infectious agents, what are genotypic changes attributed to?
In terms of infectious agents, what are genotypic changes attributed to?
Why are cows with small pelvic outlets predisposed to dystocia?
Why are cows with small pelvic outlets predisposed to dystocia?
How is 'pathogenicity' defined?
How is 'pathogenicity' defined?
How does pathogenicity differ from virulence when considering disease development?
How does pathogenicity differ from virulence when considering disease development?
What is one key factor that determines an infectious agent's ability to infect a host?
What is one key factor that determines an infectious agent's ability to infect a host?
What effect do highly pathogenic organisms have on a large proportion of animals they infect?
What effect do highly pathogenic organisms have on a large proportion of animals they infect?
Study Notes
Infectious Agents and Hosts
- Infectious agent's ability to infect a host is determined by several factors including:
- Presence of specific receptors on the host's cells
- Ability to evade the host's immune system
- Environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity)
Virulence and Pathogenicity
- Virulence refers to the degree of harm an infectious agent can cause to a host. It's measured by the severity of the disease caused.
- Pathogenicity is the ability of an infectious agent to cause disease. It is a binary characteristic - an agent is either pathogenic or not.
- Highly virulent organisms are characterized by their ability to cause severe disease in a large proportion of infected animals.
Disease Development
- Pathogenicity focuses on the ability to cause disease, while virulence describes the severity of the disease caused.
- Virulence plays a key role in disease development, determining the degree of harm a host will experience.
Genotypic Changes
- Genotypic changes in infectious agents are attributed to mutations, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer. These changes can lead to increased virulence or resistance to antibiotics.
Cows and Dystocia
- Cows with small pelvic outlets are predisposed to dystocia (difficult birth) due to the limited space for the calf to pass through.
- This can lead to calf mortality, maternal health complications, and economic losses for livestock producers.
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Description
Test your knowledge on veterinary epidemiology and zoonosis with this quiz. The quiz covers topics such as indigenous sheep viruses, ecological stability, and the transmission of infectious agents.
