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Questions and Answers
What is the main source of infection for bovine tuberculosis?
What is the main source of infection for bovine tuberculosis?
- Wildlife reservoirs
- Infected cattle (correct)
- Pigs
- Unpasteurized dairy products
What is the primary route of transmission in pigs?
What is the primary route of transmission in pigs?
- Through contaminated water
- Direct contact
- Inhalation
- Oral ingestion (correct)
What is the official test used to diagnose bovine tuberculosis in most countries?
What is the official test used to diagnose bovine tuberculosis in most countries?
- Single intradermal test (correct)
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test
- Interferon-gamma testing
- Necropsy
What is the primary method of transmission between cattle?
What is the primary method of transmission between cattle?
What is the most common route of zoonotic transmission to humans?
What is the most common route of zoonotic transmission to humans?
What is the primary method of control for bovine tuberculosis?
What is the primary method of control for bovine tuberculosis?
Which of the following species are susceptible to bovine tuberculosis?
Which of the following species are susceptible to bovine tuberculosis?
What is the primary method of transmission between pigs?
What is the primary method of transmission between pigs?
What is the main clinical finding of bovine tuberculosis in cattle?
What is the main clinical finding of bovine tuberculosis in cattle?
What type of lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes of pigs?
What type of lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes of pigs?
What is the purpose of the single intradermal comparative test?
What is the purpose of the single intradermal comparative test?
What is the purpose of interferon-gamma testing?
What is the purpose of interferon-gamma testing?
What may be found in any of the lymph nodes in necropsy findings?
What may be found in any of the lymph nodes in necropsy findings?
What is the purpose of diagnostic confirmation?
What is the purpose of diagnostic confirmation?
What is the purpose of official eradication programs?
What is the purpose of official eradication programs?
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Study Notes
Etiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium caprae
Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- All age groups and species are susceptible to infection
- Infection is predominantly found in cattle and pigs
- Infected cattle are the main source of infection
- Wildlife reservoirs are important in some regions, making eradication of bovine tuberculosis challenging in some countries
Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Inhalation is the major method of transmission between cattle
- Pigs are primarily infected orally
Zoonosis and Human Infection
- Humans can be infected through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
- Other routes of human infection include inhalation and direct contact
Clinical Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Progressive emaciation
- Capricious appetite
- Fluctuating temperature
- Signs referable to localization, such as:
- Respiratory disease
- Pharyngeal obstruction
- Reproductive disorder
- Mastitis
- In pigs, the disease is subclinical, but tuberculous lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes
Clinical Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculin testing:
- Single intradermal test is the official test in most countries
- Single intradermal comparative test for cattle suspected as false-positive reactors
- Interferon-gamma testing
Necropsy Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculous granulomas may be found in any of the lymph nodes
- Generalized tuberculosis may be present
Diagnostic Confirmation of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Culture of the organism
- Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular techniques
Control of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Test and slaughter
- Most countries have official eradication programs
Etiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium caprae
Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- All age groups and species are susceptible to infection
- Infection is predominantly found in cattle and pigs
- Infected cattle are the main source of infection
- Wildlife reservoirs are important in some regions, making eradication of bovine tuberculosis challenging in some countries
Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Inhalation is the major method of transmission between cattle
- Pigs are primarily infected orally
Zoonosis and Human Infection
- Humans can be infected through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
- Other routes of human infection include inhalation and direct contact
Clinical Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Progressive emaciation
- Capricious appetite
- Fluctuating temperature
- Signs referable to localization, such as:
- Respiratory disease
- Pharyngeal obstruction
- Reproductive disorder
- Mastitis
- In pigs, the disease is subclinical, but tuberculous lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes
Clinical Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculin testing:
- Single intradermal test is the official test in most countries
- Single intradermal comparative test for cattle suspected as false-positive reactors
- Interferon-gamma testing
Necropsy Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculous granulomas may be found in any of the lymph nodes
- Generalized tuberculosis may be present
Diagnostic Confirmation of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Culture of the organism
- Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular techniques
Control of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Test and slaughter
- Most countries have official eradication programs
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