Bovine Tuberculosis Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main source of infection for bovine tuberculosis?

  • Wildlife reservoirs
  • Infected cattle (correct)
  • Pigs
  • Unpasteurized dairy products
  • What is the primary route of transmission in pigs?

  • Through contaminated water
  • Direct contact
  • Inhalation
  • Oral ingestion (correct)
  • What is the official test used to diagnose bovine tuberculosis in most countries?

  • Single intradermal test (correct)
  • PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test
  • Interferon-gamma testing
  • Necropsy
  • What is the primary method of transmission between cattle?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common route of zoonotic transmission to humans?

    <p>Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of control for bovine tuberculosis?

    <p>Test and slaughter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species are susceptible to bovine tuberculosis?

    <p>All age groups and species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission between pigs?

    <p>Oral transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical finding of bovine tuberculosis in cattle?

    <p>Progressive emaciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes of pigs?

    <p>Tuberculous lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the single intradermal comparative test?

    <p>To confirm false-positive reactors in cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interferon-gamma testing?

    <p>To diagnose tuberculosis in cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be found in any of the lymph nodes in necropsy findings?

    <p>Tuberculous granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diagnostic confirmation?

    <p>To identify the organism through culture or molecular techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of official eradication programs?

    <p>To control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Etiology of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium caprae

    Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • All age groups and species are susceptible to infection
    • Infection is predominantly found in cattle and pigs
    • Infected cattle are the main source of infection
    • Wildlife reservoirs are important in some regions, making eradication of bovine tuberculosis challenging in some countries

    Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Inhalation is the major method of transmission between cattle
    • Pigs are primarily infected orally

    Zoonosis and Human Infection

    • Humans can be infected through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
    • Other routes of human infection include inhalation and direct contact

    Clinical Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Progressive emaciation
    • Capricious appetite
    • Fluctuating temperature
    • Signs referable to localization, such as:
      • Respiratory disease
      • Pharyngeal obstruction
      • Reproductive disorder
      • Mastitis
    • In pigs, the disease is subclinical, but tuberculous lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes

    Clinical Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Tuberculin testing:
      • Single intradermal test is the official test in most countries
      • Single intradermal comparative test for cattle suspected as false-positive reactors
    • Interferon-gamma testing

    Necropsy Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Tuberculous granulomas may be found in any of the lymph nodes
    • Generalized tuberculosis may be present

    Diagnostic Confirmation of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Culture of the organism
    • Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular techniques

    Control of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Test and slaughter
    • Most countries have official eradication programs

    Etiology of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium caprae

    Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • All age groups and species are susceptible to infection
    • Infection is predominantly found in cattle and pigs
    • Infected cattle are the main source of infection
    • Wildlife reservoirs are important in some regions, making eradication of bovine tuberculosis challenging in some countries

    Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Inhalation is the major method of transmission between cattle
    • Pigs are primarily infected orally

    Zoonosis and Human Infection

    • Humans can be infected through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
    • Other routes of human infection include inhalation and direct contact

    Clinical Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Progressive emaciation
    • Capricious appetite
    • Fluctuating temperature
    • Signs referable to localization, such as:
      • Respiratory disease
      • Pharyngeal obstruction
      • Reproductive disorder
      • Mastitis
    • In pigs, the disease is subclinical, but tuberculous lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes

    Clinical Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Tuberculin testing:
      • Single intradermal test is the official test in most countries
      • Single intradermal comparative test for cattle suspected as false-positive reactors
    • Interferon-gamma testing

    Necropsy Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Tuberculous granulomas may be found in any of the lymph nodes
    • Generalized tuberculosis may be present

    Diagnostic Confirmation of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Culture of the organism
    • Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular techniques

    Control of Bovine Tuberculosis

    • Test and slaughter
    • Most countries have official eradication programs

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    Description

    This quiz covers the etiology and epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis, including the main sources of infection, transmission methods, and susceptible species.

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