15 Questions
What is the main source of infection for bovine tuberculosis?
Infected cattle
What is the primary route of transmission in pigs?
Oral ingestion
What is the official test used to diagnose bovine tuberculosis in most countries?
Single intradermal test
What is the primary method of transmission between cattle?
Inhalation
What is the most common route of zoonotic transmission to humans?
Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
What is the primary method of control for bovine tuberculosis?
Test and slaughter
Which of the following species are susceptible to bovine tuberculosis?
All age groups and species
What is the primary method of transmission between pigs?
Oral transmission
What is the main clinical finding of bovine tuberculosis in cattle?
Progressive emaciation
What type of lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes of pigs?
Tuberculous lesions
What is the purpose of the single intradermal comparative test?
To confirm false-positive reactors in cattle
What is the purpose of interferon-gamma testing?
To diagnose tuberculosis in cattle
What may be found in any of the lymph nodes in necropsy findings?
Tuberculous granulomas
What is the purpose of diagnostic confirmation?
To identify the organism through culture or molecular techniques
What is the purpose of official eradication programs?
To control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis
Study Notes
Etiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium caprae
Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- All age groups and species are susceptible to infection
- Infection is predominantly found in cattle and pigs
- Infected cattle are the main source of infection
- Wildlife reservoirs are important in some regions, making eradication of bovine tuberculosis challenging in some countries
Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Inhalation is the major method of transmission between cattle
- Pigs are primarily infected orally
Zoonosis and Human Infection
- Humans can be infected through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
- Other routes of human infection include inhalation and direct contact
Clinical Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Progressive emaciation
- Capricious appetite
- Fluctuating temperature
- Signs referable to localization, such as:
- Respiratory disease
- Pharyngeal obstruction
- Reproductive disorder
- Mastitis
- In pigs, the disease is subclinical, but tuberculous lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes
Clinical Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculin testing:
- Single intradermal test is the official test in most countries
- Single intradermal comparative test for cattle suspected as false-positive reactors
- Interferon-gamma testing
Necropsy Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculous granulomas may be found in any of the lymph nodes
- Generalized tuberculosis may be present
Diagnostic Confirmation of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Culture of the organism
- Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular techniques
Control of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Test and slaughter
- Most countries have official eradication programs
Etiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Caused by Mycobacterium bovis and, to a lesser extent, Mycobacterium caprae
Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- All age groups and species are susceptible to infection
- Infection is predominantly found in cattle and pigs
- Infected cattle are the main source of infection
- Wildlife reservoirs are important in some regions, making eradication of bovine tuberculosis challenging in some countries
Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Inhalation is the major method of transmission between cattle
- Pigs are primarily infected orally
Zoonosis and Human Infection
- Humans can be infected through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
- Other routes of human infection include inhalation and direct contact
Clinical Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Progressive emaciation
- Capricious appetite
- Fluctuating temperature
- Signs referable to localization, such as:
- Respiratory disease
- Pharyngeal obstruction
- Reproductive disorder
- Mastitis
- In pigs, the disease is subclinical, but tuberculous lesions may be found in cervical lymph nodes
Clinical Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculin testing:
- Single intradermal test is the official test in most countries
- Single intradermal comparative test for cattle suspected as false-positive reactors
- Interferon-gamma testing
Necropsy Findings of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Tuberculous granulomas may be found in any of the lymph nodes
- Generalized tuberculosis may be present
Diagnostic Confirmation of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Culture of the organism
- Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular techniques
Control of Bovine Tuberculosis
- Test and slaughter
- Most countries have official eradication programs
This quiz covers the etiology and epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis, including the main sources of infection, transmission methods, and susceptible species.
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