Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which clinical condition is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

  • Lumpy jaw
  • Blackleg
  • Erysipelas
  • Malignant edema (correct)

What is the correct method for autoclaving bacterial spores?

  • 110°C for 10 minutes
  • 130°C for 20 minutes
  • 140°C for 30 minutes
  • 121°C for 15 minutes (correct)

Which vaccine is specifically used to prevent greasy pig disease?

  • Autogenous S.hyicus bacterin (correct)
  • Startvac®
  • Viral vaccine
  • Porcine Circovirus vaccine

What is a crucial measure to control outbreaks of Bacillus anthracis?

<p>Incineration or deep burial of carcasses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is vital in reducing the spread of nosocomial Enterococcus infections?

<p>Rigorous hygiene protocols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

<p>Thick peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

<p>Mycoplasma spp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature helps Mycobacterium spp. resist environmental stresses?

<p>Mycolic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bacterial ribosomes?

<p>Protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial surface structure enables motility?

<p>Flagella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction is characteristic of yeast?

<p>Budding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fungi can grow as molds in the environment and as yeast in host tissues?

<p>Dimorphic fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that enables escape from phagosomes?

<p>Listeriolysin O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What distinguishes Gram-positive bacteria?

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which is responsible for their characteristic retention of the Gram stain.

Which bacteria lack peptidoglycan?

Mycoplasma spp. are unique bacteria that lack a peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, making them resistant to certain antibiotics.

What helps Mycobacterium resist environmental stresses?

Mycolic acids are a type of waxy lipid that forms a thick outer layer on Mycobacterium spp., providing them with protection from environmental stresses.

What is the function of bacterial ribosomes?

Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, which involves the production of proteins needed for various cellular functions.

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What enables bacterial motility?

Flagella are whip-like structures that extend from the bacterial cell surface and allow bacteria to move.

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What type of reproduction is characteristic of yeast?

Yeast reproduce through a process called budding, where a new cell arises as an outgrowth or bud from the parent cell.

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What type of fungi can grow as molds and yeasts?

Dimorphic fungi can exist in two forms: as molds in the environment and as yeasts in host tissues, depending on environmental conditions.

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What virulence factor helps Listeria escape from phagosomes?

Listeriolysin O is a toxin produced by Listeria monocytogenes that breaks down the membrane of the phagosome, allowing the bacteria to escape and spread within the host.

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What causes Blackleg?

A bacterial infection that causes blackleg, a fatal disease in cattle characterized by gas production in muscle tissues.

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What is autoclaving?

A method of sterilization using high pressure steam to kill bacteria and their spores.

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What is a bacterin?

A type of vaccine created from killed or inactivated bacteria, used to stimulate the immune system.

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What is anthrax?

A highly contagious bacterial disease that primarily affects cattle, sheep, and pigs, causing severe cutaneous lesions and potential death.

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What are rigorous hygiene protocols?

A key strategy for limiting the spread of infections acquired in healthcare settings, often caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Study Notes

Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology Quiz - Study Notes

  • Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative bacteria: The key structural difference lies in the peptidoglycan layer; Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer, whereas Gram-negative bacteria do not.

  • Peptidoglycan-lacking bacteria: Mycoplasma spp. lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

  • Mycobacterium environmental resistance: Mycolic acids are the structural feature that helps Mycobacterium spp. resist environmental stresses.

  • Bacterial ribosome function: Ribosomes synthesize proteins.

  • Bacterial motility: Flagella are the bacterial surface structure that enables motility.

  • Yeast reproduction: Budding is the characteristic type of reproduction for yeast.

  • Dimorphic fungi: Dimorphic fungi can grow as molds in the environment and as yeasts in host tissues.

  • Listeria monocytogenes virulence: ActA protein enables Listeria monocytogenes to escape from phagosomes.

  • Fungal disease & silage: Candidiasis is a fungal disease associated with poor-quality silage with a high pH (> 5.5).

  • Listeriosis manifestation: Meningoencephalitis is the most common manifestation of listeriosis in humans.

  • 'S. aureus' in animals: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is known as the 'S. aureus' of dogs and cats.

  • Lancefield classification: The Lancefield classification is based on polysaccharide and teichoic-acid antigens.

  • Clostridium perfringens toxin: Alpha toxin in Clostridium perfringens causes tissue necrosis.

  • Diamond Skin Disease: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of Diamond Skin Disease in pigs.

  • Clostridium chauvoei clinical condition: Blackleg is the clinical condition associated with Clostridium chauvoei.

  • Autoclaving bacterial spores: 121°C for 15 minutes is the recommended temperature and time for autoclaving bacterial spores.

  • Greasy pig disease prevention: Startvac® is a vaccine used for greasy pig disease prevention.

  • Bacillus anthracis outbreak control: Incineration or deep burial of carcasses is a key measure to control Bacillus anthracis outbreaks.

  • Nosocomial Enterococcus infection control: Rigorous hygiene protocols efficiently reduce the spread of nosocomial Enterococcus infections.

  • Lumpy jaw causal agent control: Wound care and sanitation is a primary control strategy for lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces.

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