Veterinary Mycoses and Aspergillosis Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a common clinical sign associated with pulmonary histoplasmosis in horses?

Increased appetite

Intermittent fever (correct)

Improved energy levels

Consistent weight gain

Which of the following conditions is NOT listed as a differential diagnosis for pulmonary histoplasmosis?

Strangles

Equine influenza (correct)

Glanders

Melioidosis

What is the optimal concentration of histofarcin for achieving a skin hypersensitivity reaction?

1.0-1.5 mg/ml

0.5-1.0 mg/ml

0.1-0.2 mg/ml

0.2-0.4 mg/ml (correct)

What is the preferred management approach for treating clinical cases of pulmonary histoplasmosis?

Eradication therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the histofarcin test's specificity is correct?

It is 100% specific in disease-free districts. Signup and view all the answers

Which species is primarily responsible for guttural pouch mycosis in horses?

Aspergillus fumigatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drug of choice for treating clinical cases of pulmonary histoplasmosis?

Amphotericin B Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic appearance do cutaneous lesions take on in horses with histoplasmosis?

Crateriform lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts?

Opportunistic fungi Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fungi is NOT mentioned as a causing agent in equine mycoses?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter range of the yeast-like fungus found in histoplasmosis lesions?

2-3 µm Signup and view all the answers

Which dermatophyte is most prevalent in equine dermatophytosis?

Trichophyton equinum Signup and view all the answers

What primary form of transmission occurs for Histoplasma capsulatum var.farciminosum?

Inhalation through the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

Emericella nidulans is associated with which condition in equines?

Guttural pouch mycosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of mycetoma related to fungal infections?

Produces draining tracts and granules Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of equine epizootic lymphaginitis?

Cord-like appearance of subcutaneous nodules Signup and view all the answers

Among which group of equine mycoses is aspergillosis specifically highlighted as a concern?

Opportunistic mycoses Signup and view all the answers

How long did it take for nodular lesions to appear in a horse infected with the yeast form of H.capsulatum during experimental infection?

Four weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Aspergillus species is true?

They are saprophytes found in a variety of ecological niches. Signup and view all the answers

What complication has been associated with equine epizootic lymphaginitis in pregnant mares?

Granulomatous placentitis and abortion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary geographic area regarding the genetic distinct populations of Histoplasma?

Latin America Signup and view all the answers

Which form of clinical presentation is NOT associated with equine epizootic lymphaginitis?

Acute gastrointestinal distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the major biological form of H.capsulatum involved in equine epizootic lymphaginitis?

Yeast form Signup and view all the answers

What is typically recovered from the discharge of pyogranulomas in equine epizootic lymphaginitis?

Spherical or pear-shaped bodies of Histoplasma capsulatum Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons for the importance of faster serologic tests in diagnosis?

They can improve prognosis through early diagnosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is preferred for molecular diagnosis based on the provided content?

PCR-based assays Signup and view all the answers

What are kunkers specifically associated with in the pathology discussed?

Equine pythiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the microscopic lesions in the condition described?

Central necrosis with intralesional hyphae Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management strategy for treating the affected tissue?

Radical surgery for complete excision Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapies has shown promising results in treating the condition?

Intravenous regional perfusion with amphotericin B Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical locations does the disease typically progress if curative excision is not possible?

Nasal conchae, lungs, intestines, bones Signup and view all the answers

What preventive measure may reduce the risk of infection in horses?

Avoiding stagnant water bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for developing candidiasis in horses?

Genetic conditions leading to immune compromise Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT associated with an increased risk of candidiasis in horses?

Exposure to polluted water Signup and view all the answers

Oral candidiasis in horses typically presents as what?

White plaques on the oral mucosa and tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pythiosis is accurate?

Pythiosis may result from exposure to infectious zoospores in water. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of systemic candidiasis in horses?

Fever and general malaise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential treatment option for oral candidiasis in horses?

Antifungal medications Signup and view all the answers

Candida spp. infections in humans are most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?

Immunocompromised individuals handling affected horses Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with uterine candidiasis in mares?

Vaginal discharge Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aspecific Invasive Mycoses

Opportunistic fungi usually affect immunocompromised animals.
Most commonly affect skin and respiratory tract.
Guttural pouch mycosis can lead to fatal hemorrhage.
Dermatophytes cause "ringworm" in horses.
Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum gypseum and T.equinum are common dermatophytes in animals.

Aspergillosis (Guttural Pouch Mycosis)

Caused by Aspergillus species, a ubiquitous saprophyte.
A. fumigatus is the most prevalent, responsible for increased invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.
A.fumigatus is also the major organism found in the guttural pouch of horses affected with aspergillosis, besides A.versicolor, A.nidulans, and A.niger.
Emericella nidulans from bedding in the equine environment has been associated with guttural pouch mycosis.

Equine Epizootic Lymphangitis/Histoplasmosis/Pseudofarcy

Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis causing human infection.
The disease is characterized by cord-like subcutaneous lymphatic and cutaneous pyogranulomas.
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum is the causal agent, a dimorphic fungus.

Candidiasis

Candida spp. are opportunistic fungal pathogens.
They cause localized and systemic infections in neonatal and adult horses.
Prolonged antibiotic therapy, immune deficiency, and trauma are risk factors.
Oral candidiasis or "thrush" manifests as white plaques on the oral mucosa and tongue.
Systemic candidiasis may present with fever, arthritis, meningitis, or pneumonia.
Mares with uterine candidiasis may present with vaginal discharge or failure to conceive.

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Description

This quiz covers various aspects of invasive mycoses, particularly focusing on opportunistic fungi affecting immunocompromised animals. It discusses guttural pouch mycosis, dermatophytes in equines, and the implications of aspergillosis caused by different Aspergillus species. Test your knowledge on these critical veterinary topics!