Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic feature of a Transient Ischemic Attack?
What is the characteristic feature of a Transient Ischemic Attack?
Which artery syndrome is associated with unilateral neglect and perceptual deficits?
Which artery syndrome is associated with unilateral neglect and perceptual deficits?
What is the term for the inability to perform previously learned motor skills due to brain damage?
What is the term for the inability to perform previously learned motor skills due to brain damage?
Which symptom is commonly seen in patients with Lacunar Stroke?
Which symptom is commonly seen in patients with Lacunar Stroke?
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What is the term for the loss of motor coordination and balance?
What is the term for the loss of motor coordination and balance?
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Which artery syndrome is associated with cranial nerve abnormalities?
Which artery syndrome is associated with cranial nerve abnormalities?
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What is the primary structure affected in Broca's Aphasia?
What is the primary structure affected in Broca's Aphasia?
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What is the primary cognitive impairment in Wernicke's Aphasia?
What is the primary cognitive impairment in Wernicke's Aphasia?
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What is the outcome if the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) is occluded?
What is the outcome if the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) is occluded?
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Which artery supplies the occipital lobe, medial temporal lobe, and inferior temporal lobe?
Which artery supplies the occipital lobe, medial temporal lobe, and inferior temporal lobe?
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What is the term for a stroke that affects the brainstem, cerebellum, and thalamus?
What is the term for a stroke that affects the brainstem, cerebellum, and thalamus?
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What type of aphasia is characterized by non-fluent speech with poor comprehension?
What type of aphasia is characterized by non-fluent speech with poor comprehension?
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What is the primary symptom of a vertebral artery syndrome?
What is the primary symptom of a vertebral artery syndrome?
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Which structure is NOT supplied by the basilar artery?
Which structure is NOT supplied by the basilar artery?
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What is the primary symptom of a lacunar stroke affecting the posterior limb of the internal capsule?
What is the primary symptom of a lacunar stroke affecting the posterior limb of the internal capsule?
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What is the characteristic of a locked-in syndrome?
What is the characteristic of a locked-in syndrome?
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Which cranial nerve abnormality is associated with vertebral artery syndrome?
Which cranial nerve abnormality is associated with vertebral artery syndrome?
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What is the primary symptom of a lacunar stroke affecting the ventrolateral thalamus?
What is the primary symptom of a lacunar stroke affecting the ventrolateral thalamus?
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What is the characteristic of a lacunar stroke affecting the junction of the internal capsule and thalamus?
What is the characteristic of a lacunar stroke affecting the junction of the internal capsule and thalamus?
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What is the characteristic of a vertebral artery syndrome?
What is the characteristic of a vertebral artery syndrome?
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Study Notes
Vertebral Basilar Artery Syndrome (VBA)
- Vertebral artery supplies the cerebellum and medulla
- Basilar artery supplies the pons, cerebellum, and internal ear
- Symptoms:
- Loss of consciousness/coma
- Cerebellar abnormalities:
- Ataxia of limbs and gait
- Nystagmus
- Cranial nerve abnormalities affecting pons and medulla
- Tract abnormalities:
- Mutism
- Facemute pain
- Impaired CST, CBT, and spinothalamic tract
- Paralysis of face, UE, and LE
- Impaired pain and thermal sense
Classification
Vertebral Basilar Artery Syndrome (VBA)
- Horner's Syndrome:
- Miosis
- Ptosis
- Decreased sweating
- Locked-In syndrome:
- Complete basilar artery occlusion
- Sudden onset
- Tetraplegia
- Bilateral cranial nerve palsy
- Preserved consciousness and sensation
- Impaired horizontal eye movements
- Vertical eye movements and blinking intact
Lacunar Stroke
- Result from occlusion of small perforating vessels deep in the brain
- Mostly asymptomatic
- Types:
- Pure Motor Stroke:
- Affects posterior limb of the internal capsule, pons, and pyramids
- Contralateral hemiplegia
- Pure Sensory Stroke:
- Affects ventrolateral thalamus and thalamocortical projections
- Contralateral hemisensory loss and thalamic pain syndrome
- Sensory Motor Stroke:
- Affects junction of internal capsule and thalamus
- Contralateral sensory and motor loss
- Pure Motor Stroke:
Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome (MCA)
- Aphasia:
- Broca's Aphasia:
- Motor speech impairment
- Non-fluent
- Slow, hesitant speech
- Structure affected: Third frontal convolution (Broca's Area)
- Wernicke's Aphasia:
- Receptive speech impairment
- Fluent speech with normal rate
- Impaired auditory comprehension
- Structure affected: Posterior portion of temporal gyrus (Wernicke's Area)
- Global Aphasia:
- Non-fluent speech with poor comprehension
- Broca's Aphasia:
Internal Carotid Artery Syndrome (ICA)
- ICA supplies: ACA and MCA
- If occluded, will affect structures supplied by MCA
- Symptoms:
- Seizures
- Hemiparesis
- Hemisensory loss
- Hemianopsia
- Coma
- Death
Posterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome (PCA)
- PCA supplies:
- Occipital lobe
- Medial and inferior temporal lobe
- Upper brainstem
- Midbrain
- Diencephalon
- Thalamus
Hemorrhagic Stroke
- No specific symptoms mentioned
Management Categories
- Transient Ischemic Attack:
- Temporary interruption of blood supply
- Symptoms last for ≤ 24 hours
- UE affectation based on homunculus
- Apraxia: ideational/ideomotor
- Abulia: slow mutation
Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke (ACA)
- No specific symptoms mentioned
Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome (MCA)
- MCA supplies:
- Lateral frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Basal ganglia
- Internal capsule
- Symptoms:
- UE > LE affectation
- L hemisphere affectation: Aphasia (Broca's, Wernicke's, and Global)
- R hemisphere affectation: Perceptual deficits (unilateral neglect, depth perception, spatial relations, and agnosia)
- Vision problems (homonymous hemianopsia)
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and symptoms of Vertebrobasilar Artery Syndrome (VBA), including the supplies of vertebral and basilar arteries, and its effects on the brain and nervous system.
