110 Questions
What is the function of the tunica layer in blood vessels?
To provide structural support and protection
What is the term for a fast heart rate?
Tachycardia
What is the primary function of capillaries?
To facilitate exchange of oxygen and nutrients with cells
What is the term for the cavity or channel within a blood vessel where the blood flows?
Lumen
What is the function of arteries, apart from the pulmonary arteries?
To carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
What is the term for no ventricular contraction, also known as cardiac arrest?
Asystole
What is the primary function of arterioles?
To regulate blood pressure through contraction and relaxation
What is the term for the time it takes for blood to return to the capillaries after pressure is applied?
Capillary refill time
Which of the following is a characteristic of veins?
Presence of valves to ensure uni-directional flow
What is the main difference between arteries and arterioles?
Arteries have thicker walls, while arterioles have thinner walls
Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur?
In the capillaries
What is the main artery of the body?
Aorta
What is the term for the heart's cyclical pattern of contraction and relaxation?
Cardiac cycle
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles fill with blood from the atria?
Diastole
What is the term for high blood pressure that can cause organ damage?
Hypertension
What is the function of stretch receptors in blood vessels in relation to blood pressure regulation?
To monitor blood pressure and respond to changes
What is the result of low blood pressure that is not sufficient to supply organs with enough blood and oxygen?
All of the above
What is the term for the relaxation of ventricles at the end of systole and beginning of diastole, which prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles?
Ventricular relaxation
What is the origin of the blood supply for the entire body?
Left ventricle
Which veins collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
What is the function of the Cranial Vena Cava?
Collects blood from the forelegs and head
Each organ has its own what?
Arterial supply and venous drainage
Where is the femoral pulse located and what is it?
In the groin, and it is the pulse of the femoral artery
What is the primary function of arterioles?
To regulate blood pressure
What is the main difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker walls, veins have thinner walls
What is the site of gas and nutrient exchange?
Capillaries
What is the purpose of the tunica media in arteries?
To allow expansion and recoil
What is the main artery of the body?
Aorta
What is the function of venules and veins?
To return deoxygenated blood to the heart
What is the primary function of the tunica media in blood vessels?
To regulate blood flow through muscle contraction
What is the direction of blood flow in the aorta?
From the heart to the capillaries
What is the purpose of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
To provide structural support to the vessel and prevent overexpansion
Which of the following vessels converge to form the cranial and caudal vena cavae?
Smaller veins and venules
What is the primary function of the endothelial cells in the tunica intima?
To form a non-thrombogenic surface for blood flow
What is the term for the outermost fibrous covering surrounding an organ, also found in blood vessels?
Adventitia
What is the function of the Cranial Vena Cava and Caudal Vena Cava?
To collect blood from the thorax, abdomen and hindlegs, and forelegs and head
What is the purpose of each organ having its own arterial supply and venous drainage?
To allow for individual regulation of blood flow to each organ
What is the role of pulmonary arteries?
To take deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated
Where is the femoral pulse located?
Not specified in the provided text
What is the role of pulmonary veins?
To collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium
What is the characteristic that allows arteries to expand and contract as blood pulses?
Elastic fibres
What is the site of gas and nutrient exchange in the peripheral circulation system?
Capillaries
What is the direction of blood flow in the systemic circulation?
Away from the heart
What is the function of valves in veins?
To ensure uni-directional flow
What is the term for the time it takes for capillaries to return to their normal colour after pressure is applied?
Capillary refill time
What is the main artery of the body?
Aorta
What is the primary site of gas and nutrient exchange in the body?
Capillaries
What is the function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
To provide structural support and prevent overexpansion
In which direction does oxygenated blood flow from the heart?
Through the aorta and its branches
What is the middle layer of a blood vessel composed of?
A combination of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
What is the function of the capillaries in the body?
To facilitate gas and nutrient exchange
Where does deoxygenated blood enter to return to the heart?
The cranial and caudal vena cavae
What is the function of the tunica intima in blood vessels?
To form the innermost layer of endothelial cells
Which layer of blood vessels is made up of smooth muscle and elastic fibers?
Tunica media
What is the purpose of the convergence of vessels after capillaries?
To form larger and larger veins
What is the term for the outermost layer of blood vessels, composed of fibrous connective tissue and collagen?
Tunica externa
What is the primary function of capillaries in the peripheral circulation system?
To allow for gas and nutrient exchange
Which vessels receive deoxygenated blood from the body and return it to the heart?
Cranial and caudal vena cavae
What is the primary function of the Sinoatrial node in the heart?
To regulate the heart rhythm and rate
What is the characteristic of automatic cardiac muscle cells?
They spontaneously contract
What is the sound produced by the closing of the AV valves?
Lub
What is the location of the atrioventricular node in the heart?
In the atrioventricular septum
What happens when the automatic cells contract in the heart?
They signal to the non-automatic cells to contract
What is the term for the cyclical pattern of contraction and relaxation of the heart?
Cardiac cycle
What is the origin of the blood supply that supplies the entire body?
Left ventricle
Which veins collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
What is the function of the Caudal Vena Cava?
Collects blood from the thorax, abdomen, and hindlegs
What is unique about each organ's blood supply?
Each organ has its own arterial supply and venous drainage
Where is the femoral pulse located?
Femoral artery
What is the primary function of smooth muscle in blood vessels?
To regulate blood pressure
What is the result of vasoconstriction on blood pressure?
An increase in blood pressure
What is the primary function of the tunica intima in blood vessels?
To provide a smooth surface for blood flow
What is the effect of elastic fibers in blood vessels?
They provide stretch to the vessel wall, preventing rupture
What is the primary site of vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Arteries
What is the effect of vasodilation on blood pressure?
A decrease in blood pressure
What is the significance of the relaxation of ventricles at the end of systole and beginning of diastole?
It prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles
What is the consequence of having blood pressure that is too high?
Organ damage and cell death
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract and empty into the aorta and pulmonary arteries?
Systole
What is the purpose of the systems that maintain blood pressure within the ideal range?
To prevent organ damage and cell death
What is the result of having blood pressure that is too low?
Insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues
What is the description of the cardiac cycle?
The contraction and relaxation of the heart's chambers
What is the result of having blood pressure that is too high?
Causing organ damage and tissue damage
What is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract?
Systole
What is the purpose of the systems that maintain blood pressure within the ideal range?
To prevent organ damage and maintain tissue health
What is the term for the cyclical pattern of contraction and relaxation of the heart?
Cardiac cycle
What is the result of having blood pressure that is too low?
Not supplying the organs with enough blood and oxygen
What is the characteristic of the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax?
Low pressure and small number
What is the primary function of the tunica externa in blood vessels?
To provide strength and flexibility to the vessel
What is the location of gas and nutrient exchange in the body?
Capillaries
What is the direction of blood flow in the pulmonary veins?
From the lungs to the heart
What is the composition of the tunica media in blood vessels?
A combination of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
What is the purpose of the convergence of vessels after the capillaries?
To return deoxygenated blood to the heart
What is the function of the endothelial cells in the tunica intima?
To provide a smooth surface for blood flow
What is the primary function of elastic fibres in arteries?
To allow stretching and recoiling without rupturing
What is the characteristic of the walls of capillaries?
Thin walls with only one endothelial cell thick
What is the function of valves in veins?
To ensure uni-directional flow of blood
What is the direction of blood flow in the systemic circulation?
From the heart to the body
What is the term for the major artery of the body?
Aorta
What is the site of gas and nutrient exchange in the peripheral circulation system?
Capillaries
What is the function of the Sinoatrial node in the heart?
To regulate the heart rhythm and rate
What occurs during the 'lub' sound of the heart cycle?
The atrioventricular valves close
What is the function of the Pulmonary arteries?
To take deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated
Which veins collect blood from the thorax, abdomen, and hindlegs?
Caudal Vena Cava
What is the purpose of the automatic cells in the heart?
To spontaneously contract and signal non-automatic cells
What is the location of the Atrioventricular node in the heart?
In the atrioventricular septum
What is the origin of the blood supply that supplies the entire body?
Left ventricle
Where is the femoral pulse located?
In the leg
What occurs during the 'dub' sound of the heart cycle?
The semilunar valves close
What is the characteristic of most cardiac myocytes?
They do not spontaneously contract
What is the function of the Pulmonary veins?
To collect oxygenated blood from the lungs and return it to the left atrium
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system, including the structure and function of blood vessels, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Explore the role of the pacemaker and cardiac cycle, and learn about blood pressure and its measurement.
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