Human Physiology: Blood and Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of albumin in the bloodstream?

  • To maintain osmotic pressure (correct)
  • To facilitate blood clotting
  • To transport iron ions
  • To regulate body temperature

    • Which of the following is NOT a step in the hemostasis process?

  • Inflammation (correct)
  • Formation of platelet plug
  • Coagulation
  • Vasular spasm

    • What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  • To facilitate immune responses
  • To regulate blood pH
  • To store iron ions
  • To transport oxygen (correct)

    • What is the approximate percentage of water in blood plasma?

    <p>92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of red blood cells that allows them to navigate through narrow blood vessels?

    <p>Flexible and disk-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is involved in blood clotting?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets in the hemostasis process?

    <p>To form a platelet plug to stop bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are found in blood plasma?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of blood cell agglutination?

    <p>Agglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of blood in the body?

    <p>Transportation, Defense, and Maintenance of Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal recipient blood type?

    <p>Type AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood composition?

    <p>45% to 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the von Willebrand factor in the coagulation cascade?

    <p>To facilitate platelet adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma in the blood?

    <p>Transporting nutrients and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of stopping bleeding?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average temperature of blood in the human body?

    <p>38°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of white blood cells?

    <p>Defending against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of blood in the human body?

    <p>7.35 to 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the prevention of blood loss?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate volume of blood in an adult male?

    <p>5 to 6 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Blood

    • Blood is a unique tissue composed of liquid plasma and formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)
    • It is a fluid tissue that makes up approximately 8% of an adult's body weight

    Functions of Blood

    • Transportation: carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body
    • Defense: protects the body against pathogens and foreign substances
    • Maintenance of Homeostasis: regulates bodily functions, such as pH, temperature, and blood pressure

    Composition of Blood

    • Plasma: the fluid portion of blood, making up approximately 92% of blood
    • Formed elements: suspended in plasma, consisting of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

    Characteristics of Blood

    • Blood is viscous and slightly sticky to the touch
    • Its viscosity is approximately five times greater than water
    • Normal blood temperature is slightly higher than normal body temperature (around 38°C)
    • Blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45

    Blood Plasma

    • Composed primarily of water (92%) and proteins (7%)
    • Three major groups of plasma proteins: albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

    Production of Formed Elements

    • Hematopoiesis: the production of formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets) in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymphatic tissues

    Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

    • Shape: RBCs are biconcave disks, flexible, and able to change shape to navigate through blood vessels
    • Hemoglobin: a protein containing iron that carries oxygen and gives blood its red color

    Hemostasis

    • Process of stopping blood loss through vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation
    • Three steps: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation

    Platelet Plug Formation

    • Platelets aggregate to form a plug, which is facilitated by glycoprotein in the blood plasma

    Coagulation

    • Formation of a blood clot through the production of fibrin, a protein derived from fibrinogen

    Blood Typing

    • Antigens: substances that trigger an immune response
    • Antibodies: proteins produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigens
    • ABO blood group system: classification of blood based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens

    ABO Blood Group

    • ABO blood typing system determines the presence or absence of A and B antigens on RBCs
    • Four main ABO blood groups: A, B, AB, and O

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of blood, its composition, functions, and plasma. It also touches on formed elements, preventing blood loss, and blood groups.

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