Vertebrate Anatomy: Cardiovascular System 2

What is the primary function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

To carry blood away from the heart (correct)
To carry oxygenated blood to the lungs only
To carry blood towards the heart
To regulate blood pressure

What is the term for the fast heart rate?

Asystole
Bradycardia
Tachycardia (correct)
Vasoconstriction

What is the space within the blood vessel where the blood flows?

Tunica
Vessel
Cardiac
Lumen (correct)

What is the term for the 'tunic' or enveloping membrane/layer of tissue?

Tunica (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

To carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for no ventricular contraction, also known as cardiac arrest?

Asystole (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygenated blood leave the heart through?

Aorta (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillaries?

Gas and nutrient exchange through passive diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of blood vessels is composed of fibrous connective tissue and collagen?

Tunica externa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle layer of blood vessels composed of?

Smooth muscle and elastic fibers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost layer of blood vessels composed of?

Endothelial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the outermost fibrous covering surrounding an organ?

Tunica adventitia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of elastic fibers in blood vessels?

To provide stretch to the wall of the vessel and prevent rupture (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vasoconstriction on blood pressure?

It increases blood pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells makes up the tunica intima?

Endothelial cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur?

In arterial vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of vasodilation on blood vessels?

Widening of blood vessels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of smooth muscle in blood vessels?

To regulate blood pressure through contraction and relaxation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the pulmonary arteries?

Left ventricle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cranial vena cava?

Collects blood from the forelegs and head (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

Regulates the heart rhythm and rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

At the junction of the cranial vena cava and the right atrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cardiac muscle cells contract spontaneously?

Automatic cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the signal from the sinoatrial node spread to after causing the atria to contract?

The atrioventricular node (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cycle that the heart goes through to pump blood?

Cardiac Cycle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AV valves closing during the cardiac cycle?

To prevent blood from flowing back into the atria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of the cardiac cycle characterized by ventricular relaxation?

Diastole (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first heart sound (S1)?

Lub (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of maintaining blood pressure within a range?

To prevent both high and low blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the contraction of the ventricles?

Systole (B) Signup and view all the answers