Vasculitis
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Questions and Answers

Which type of inflammation is most commonly associated with vasculitis?

  • Unknown/immune-mediated inflammation (correct)
  • Inflammation caused by autoimmune diseases
  • Inflammation caused by infectious pathogens
  • Inflammation caused by physical and mechanical injury

    • What are the common symptoms of vasculitis?

  • Cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain
  • Headache, dizziness, and confusion
  • Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss
  • Fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and malaise (correct)

    • Which arteries are commonly affected by Giant Cell Arteritis?

  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Aorta, carotids, temporal, ophthalmic arteries (correct)
  • Cerebral arteries
  • Coronary arteries

    • What is the typical age of onset for Giant Cell Arteritis?

    <p>70 years and above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic microscopic pathology of Giant Cell Arteritis?

    <p>Mononuclear cell infiltration along the vessel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature observed in the healed phase of Giant Cell Arteritis?

    <p>Medial attenuation and scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Giant Cell Arteritis diagnosed?

    <p>By performing a biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms are commonly associated with Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Fever and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common ocular symptom in patients with Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Double vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response to treatment with steroids or anti-TNF therapy in patients with Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Dramatic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic gross pathology of Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Arterial thickening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic microscopic pathology of Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Granulomatous inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed in the healed phase of Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Medial attenuation and scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Polymyalgia rheumatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic variant is commonly associated with Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>HLA-DRB1*04</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical features commonly observed in Giant cell arteritis?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is primarily affected by Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group commonly affected by Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Females younger than 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are primarily involved in Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Aorta and major elastic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of vessel wall destruction in Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Aneurysm formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly observed in Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Ocular disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic gross pathology of Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Intimal wrinkling ('tree barking')</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Takayasu Arteritis is characterized by infiltration of media by lymphocytes, macrophages, and giant cells?

    <p>Granulomatous phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis?

    <p>Age of onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily involved in Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly observed in Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Loss of pulses in upper extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Takayasu Arteritis is characterized by transmural fibrous thickening that obliterates the lumen?

    <p>Chronic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of vessel wall destruction in Takayasu Arteritis?

    <p>Disappearance of elastic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed in the microscopic pathology of Takayasu Arteritis during the acute inflammatory phase?

    <p>Neutrophils with necrosis in the media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is also known as 'Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome'?

    <p>Kawasaki Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Kawasaki Disease cases present with clinical features?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is commonly affected by Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>Infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in Japan and North America?

    <p>Kawasaki Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly observed in Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathology of Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Kawasaki Disease cases develop coronary aneurysm?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly observed in Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>Enlarged lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic skin change observed in Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>Edema of the hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the healing phase of Kawasaki Disease?

    <p>Intimal fibrosis with narrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is primarily affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

    <p>Males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are primarily affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

    <p>A and B only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are specifically affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

    <p>Tibial and radial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic skin change observed in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

    <p>Gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pathology observed in thromboangiitis obliterans?

    <p>Segmental acute and chronic inflammation of all vessel layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is typically ANCA positive and lacks abundant immune complex deposition?

    <p>Pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is typically ANCA negative but shows the presence of immune complex deposition?

    <p>Innume complex small vessel vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic haplotypes are linked to thromboangiitis obliterans?

    <p>HLA-A9 and HLA-B5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is commonly associated with pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis?

    <p>Microscopic polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary etiology of thromboangiitis obliterans?

    <p>Hypersensitivity to tobacco antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pathology observed in granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>Granulomatous inflammation of vessels of any size, mainly small</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the determining factor for the chronicity/recurrence of immune-complex small vessel vasculitis?

    <p>Source of immune complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ANCA diffuse, finely granular staining of the cytoplasm and are associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>PR3-ANCA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal antigen associated with PR3-ANCA?

    <p>Proteinase 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is associated with MPO-ANCA?

    <p>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is formerly known as Wegener Granulomatosis?

    <p>Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic triad of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

    <p>Necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas, crescentic glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>Churg-Strauss syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is associated with high levels of eosinophils on white blood cell count?

    <p>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is typically associated with c-ANCA?

    <p>Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is predominantly affected by Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

    <p>Lung and upper airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is not affected by Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibodies are directed against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens?

    <p>ANCAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ANCAs is associated with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal antigen targeted by PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)?

    <p>Proteinase 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ANCAs is associated with Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)?

    <p>MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal antigen targeted by MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of onset for Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by high levels of eosinophils on white blood cell count?

    <p>Eosinophilic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is typically associated with c-ANCA?

    <p>Granulomatosis with polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by high levels of eosinophils on white blood cell count?

    <p>Eosinophilic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is commonly affected by Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by end organ damage?

    <p>Vasculitis stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasculitis is characterized by clinical and histopathologic features similar to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, but with less frequent upper respiratory tract involvement and no nodular/cavitary lesions?

    <p>Microscopic Polyangiitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serology is most commonly associated with Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily affected in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>All of the below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is not associated with ANCA?

    <p>Polyarteritis nodosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection is commonly associated with Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is more commonly affected by Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ involvement is not observed in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vasculitis is sometimes called secondary PAN and can be associated with leukemias/lymphomas?

    <p>Polyarteritis nodosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arteries are typically affected in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Medium to small sized arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inflammation is observed in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Neutrophilic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal antigen targeted by MPO-ANCA in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>MPO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic microscopic pathology observed in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

    <p>Fibrinoid necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benign vascular tumor?

    <p>Lymphangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is characterized by proliferation of spindle cells with hyaline globules and plump endothelial cells?

    <p>Kaposi Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is most commonly associated with AIDS?

    <p>Kaposi Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor may be induced by radiation and commonly arises with long-standing lymphedema?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is associated with exposure to arsenic compound, thorotrast, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Kaposi Sarcoma?

    <p>Human herpes virus 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tumor is characterized by chronic asymptomatic and localized lymphadenopathy, and poor prognosis?

    <p>Kaposi Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tumor is characterized by red nodules and ulceration?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tumor is most commonly found in the skin, liver, breast, and soft tissue?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tumor is characterized by red nodules and ulceration?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Kaposi Sarcoma?

    <p>Cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vascular tumor is a malignant tumor of endothelial cells?

    <p>Angiosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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