Vasculitis

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Which type of inflammation is most commonly associated with vasculitis?

Unknown/immune-mediated inflammation

What are the common symptoms of vasculitis?

Fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and malaise

Which arteries are commonly affected by Giant Cell Arteritis?

Aorta, carotids, temporal, ophthalmic arteries

What is the typical age of onset for Giant Cell Arteritis?

70 years and above

What is the characteristic microscopic pathology of Giant Cell Arteritis?

Mononuclear cell infiltration along the vessel wall

What is the main feature observed in the healed phase of Giant Cell Arteritis?

Medial attenuation and scarring

How is Giant Cell Arteritis diagnosed?

By performing a biopsy

Which symptoms are commonly associated with Giant cell arteritis?

Fever and weight loss

What is the most common ocular symptom in patients with Giant cell arteritis?

Double vision

What is the response to treatment with steroids or anti-TNF therapy in patients with Giant cell arteritis?

Dramatic response

What is the characteristic gross pathology of Giant cell arteritis?

Arterial thickening

What is the characteristic microscopic pathology of Giant cell arteritis?

Granulomatous inflammation

What is observed in the healed phase of Giant cell arteritis?

Medial attenuation and scarring

Which condition is commonly associated with Giant cell arteritis?

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Which genetic variant is commonly associated with Giant cell arteritis?

HLA-DRB1*04

What are the clinical features commonly observed in Giant cell arteritis?

Headache

Which gender is primarily affected by Takayasu Arteritis?

Females

What is the age group commonly affected by Takayasu Arteritis?

Females younger than 40

Which arteries are primarily involved in Takayasu Arteritis?

Aorta and major elastic arteries

What is the main consequence of vessel wall destruction in Takayasu Arteritis?

Aneurysm formation

Which symptom is commonly observed in Takayasu Arteritis?

Ocular disturbances

What is the characteristic gross pathology of Takayasu Arteritis?

Intimal wrinkling ('tree barking')

Which phase of Takayasu Arteritis is characterized by infiltration of media by lymphocytes, macrophages, and giant cells?

Granulomatous phase

What is the main distinction between Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis?

Age of onset

Which artery is primarily involved in Takayasu Arteritis?

Aorta

Which symptom is commonly observed in Takayasu Arteritis?

Loss of pulses in upper extremities

Which phase of Takayasu Arteritis is characterized by transmural fibrous thickening that obliterates the lumen?

Chronic phase

What is the main consequence of vessel wall destruction in Takayasu Arteritis?

Disappearance of elastic tissue

What is observed in the microscopic pathology of Takayasu Arteritis during the acute inflammatory phase?

Neutrophils with necrosis in the media

Which disease is also known as 'Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome'?

Kawasaki Disease

What percentage of Kawasaki Disease cases present with clinical features?

80%

Which age group is commonly affected by Kawasaki Disease?

Infants

Which is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in Japan and North America?

Kawasaki Disease

Which symptom is commonly observed in Kawasaki Disease?

All of the above

What is the pathology of Kawasaki Disease?

All of the above

What percentage of Kawasaki Disease cases develop coronary aneurysm?

20%

Which symptom is commonly observed in Kawasaki Disease?

Enlarged lymph nodes

What is a characteristic skin change observed in Kawasaki Disease?

Edema of the hands and feet

What happens during the healing phase of Kawasaki Disease?

Intimal fibrosis with narrowing

Which gender is primarily affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

Males

Which blood vessels are primarily affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

A and B only

Which arteries are specifically affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

Tibial and radial arteries

What is the characteristic skin change observed in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)?

Gangrene

What is the characteristic pathology observed in thromboangiitis obliterans?

Segmental acute and chronic inflammation of all vessel layers

Which type of vasculitis is typically ANCA positive and lacks abundant immune complex deposition?

Pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis

Which type of vasculitis is typically ANCA negative but shows the presence of immune complex deposition?

Innume complex small vessel vasculitis

Which genetic haplotypes are linked to thromboangiitis obliterans?

HLA-A9 and HLA-B5

Which type of vasculitis is commonly associated with pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis?

Microscopic polyangiitis

Which of the following is the primary etiology of thromboangiitis obliterans?

Hypersensitivity to tobacco antigens

What is the characteristic pathology observed in granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Granulomatous inflammation of vessels of any size, mainly small

What is the determining factor for the chronicity/recurrence of immune-complex small vessel vasculitis?

Source of immune complex

Which ANCA diffuse, finely granular staining of the cytoplasm and are associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

PR3-ANCA

What is the principal antigen associated with PR3-ANCA?

Proteinase 3

Which type of vasculitis is associated with MPO-ANCA?

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Which disease is formerly known as Wegener Granulomatosis?

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

What is the characteristic triad of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

Necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas, crescentic glomerulonephritis

What is another name for Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Churg-Strauss syndrome

Which type of vasculitis is associated with high levels of eosinophils on white blood cell count?

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Which type of vasculitis is typically associated with c-ANCA?

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Which organ is predominantly affected by Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

Lung and upper airways

Which organ is not affected by Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Upper respiratory tract

Which type of antibodies are directed against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens?

ANCAs

Which type of ANCAs is associated with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)

What is the principal antigen targeted by PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)?

Proteinase 3

Which type of ANCAs is associated with Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)?

MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)

What is the principal antigen targeted by MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)?

Myeloperoxidase

What is the average age of onset for Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

40 years

Which stage of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by high levels of eosinophils on white blood cell count?

Eosinophilic stage

Which type of vasculitis is typically associated with c-ANCA?

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Which stage of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by high levels of eosinophils on white blood cell count?

Eosinophilic stage

Which organ is commonly affected by Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

Lungs

Which stage of Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by end organ damage?

Vasculitis stage

Which vasculitis is characterized by clinical and histopathologic features similar to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, but with less frequent upper respiratory tract involvement and no nodular/cavitary lesions?

Microscopic Polyangiitis

Which serology is most commonly associated with Microscopic Polyangiitis?

MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)

Which organ is primarily affected in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

All of the below

Which type of vasculitis is not associated with ANCA?

Polyarteritis nodosa

Which infection is commonly associated with Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Hepatitis B

Which age group is most commonly affected by Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Adults

Which gender is more commonly affected by Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Males

Which organ involvement is not observed in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Nasopharynx

Which type of vasculitis is sometimes called secondary PAN and can be associated with leukemias/lymphomas?

Polyarteritis nodosa

Which type of arteries are typically affected in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Medium to small sized arteries

Which type of inflammation is observed in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Neutrophilic inflammation

What is the principal antigen targeted by MPO-ANCA in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

MPO

What is the characteristic microscopic pathology observed in Microscopic Polyangiitis?

Fibrinoid necrosis

Which of the following is a benign vascular tumor?

Lymphangioma

Which type of tumor is characterized by proliferation of spindle cells with hyaline globules and plump endothelial cells?

Kaposi Sarcoma

Which type of tumor is most commonly associated with AIDS?

Kaposi Sarcoma

Which type of tumor may be induced by radiation and commonly arises with long-standing lymphedema?

Angiosarcoma

Which type of tumor is associated with exposure to arsenic compound, thorotrast, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?

Angiosarcoma

Which virus is associated with Kaposi Sarcoma?

Human herpes virus 8

Which type of vascular tumor is characterized by chronic asymptomatic and localized lymphadenopathy, and poor prognosis?

Kaposi Sarcoma

Which type of vascular tumor is characterized by red nodules and ulceration?

Angiosarcoma

Which type of vascular tumor is most commonly found in the skin, liver, breast, and soft tissue?

Angiosarcoma

Which type of vascular tumor is characterized by red nodules and ulceration?

Angiosarcoma

What is the classification of Kaposi Sarcoma?

Cure

Which type of vascular tumor is a malignant tumor of endothelial cells?

Angiosarcoma

Test your knowledge of vasculitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the blood vessel walls. Learn about the primary forms, symptoms, and potential causes of this condition through this informative quiz.

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