Vasculitis: Inflammatory Destruction of Blood Vessels

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of vasculitis?

Obstruction of blood vessels by clots

Degeneration of blood vessels due to aging

Inflammatory growth of blood vessels

Inflammatory destruction of blood vessels (correct)

Which type of vasculitis is most common?

Autoimmune Vasculitis

Primary Vasculitis (correct)

Idiopathic Vasculitis

Secondary Vasculitis

What is the main cause of secondary vasculitis?

Genetic predisposition

Autoimmune or infectious etiology (correct)

Dietary factors

Environmental toxins

Which condition accounts for the highest percentage among secondary vasculitis cases?

Giant cell arteritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of vasculitis?

Weakening of blood vessels from inflammation leads to thrombosis and/or aneurysm formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication for large vessel vasculitis?

Stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which disease accounts for less than 1% among secondary vasculitis cases?

Behcet disease Signup and view all the answers

What can weakening of blood vessels from inflammation lead to in vasculitis?

Thrombosis and/or aneurysm formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication associated with renal failure in vasculitis?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) in individuals over 50?

1/10k Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary gender affected by Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)?

Women Signup and view all the answers

What are the ocular manifestations of Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)?

Scleritis, episcleritis, retinal vasculitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the survival rate with treatment for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)?

80-90% Signup and view all the answers

What are the ocular manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

Dry eye syndrome, retinopathy, episcleritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of Behcet's Disease/Syndrome?

<1% Signup and view all the answers

What is used to diagnose Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)?

Duplex sonography of the temporal artery and temporal artery biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What are the complications of Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)?

Peripheral neuropathy, renal failure, gastrointestinal infarcts Signup and view all the answers

What is used to diagnose Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)?

Angiography and biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vasculitides and Their Ocular Manifestations

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis, affecting large and medium vessels, with a prevalence of 1/10k people over 50, and it primarily affects individuals over 50, with a higher incidence in women.
GCA presents with symptoms such as headache, jaw claudication, and polymyalgia rheumatica, and it can lead to irreversible blindness, MI, and stroke, with a 35% 5-year survival rate if untreated.
Ocular manifestations of GCA include ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), cotton wool spots, and retinal artery occlusions, with up to 92% of patients experiencing some form of vision loss.
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) predominantly affects small and medium arteries, with complications such as peripheral neuropathy, renal failure, and gastrointestinal infarcts, and it is fatal if left untreated.
Ocular complications of PAN include scleritis, episcleritis, and retinal vasculitis, with a prevalence of 10-20%.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) primarily involves small and medium arteries and can lead to chronic rhinitis, lung, and kidney involvement, with a 80-90% survival rate with treatment.
Ocular manifestations of GPA include orbital pseudotumor, ulcers, and reduced visual acuity, with a prevalence of 50-60%.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects skin and joints, with ocular manifestations such as dry eye syndrome, retinopathy, and episcleritis, found in 33% of cases.
Behcet's Disease/Syndrome, with a prevalence of <1%, primarily affects individuals of Middle Eastern, Turkish, and Asian descent, and it presents with complications such as mouth and genital sores, CNS involvement, and GI ulcerations.
Ocular manifestations of Behcet's Disease/Syndrome include retinal phlebitis, uveitis, and optic neuritis, with a preference for veins, and it is diagnosed using the Behcetine pathergy test.
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) presents with specific ocular manifestations such as cotton wool spots, amaurosis fugax, and diplopia, and it is diagnosed using duplex sonography of the temporal artery and temporal artery biopsy.
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is diagnosed using angiography and tissue biopsy, and it is treated with immunosuppressants, while Behcet's Disease/Syndrome is managed with immunosuppressants due to its autoimmune etiology.

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Description

This quiz covers the definition and classification of vasculitis, an inflammatory condition that leads to the destruction of blood vessels. It discusses primary and secondary vasculitis, as well as the different types based on affected organs and vessels.