Values, Attitudes, and Propaganda
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Questions and Answers

______ are the affective expressions of belief that endure and our responses to events, circumstances, or people.

Values

Values provide the criteria by which we will ______.

judge

______ is the means to disseminate or promote particular ideas.

Propaganda

The Vatican established the sacre congregatio de Propahande fide to circumvent the growth and spread of ______.

<p>Protestantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1937, the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA)] was formed in the ______.

<p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

Essentially, propaganda is about communicating ideas designed to persuade people to ______ and behave in a desired way.

<p>think</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is often used with the manipulation of information.

<p>Spin</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ deals with how individuals and organizations can build a positive relationship with the public.

<p>Public relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

The propaganda technique that asserts 'everybody' is doing it is called ______.

<p>bandwagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ involves making a biased argument by combining falsehoods and hiding evidence.

<p>card stacking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vague, broad strategies that connect with the audience's values are known as ______.

<p>glittering generalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

The technique that uses the authority of a person to promote a message is called ______.

<p>transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propagandists use the ______ technique to give the impression that they come from humble origins.

<p>plain folks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the voice of the people to speak for the message is known as ______.

<p>testimonial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using negative words to create an unfavorable opinion is called ______.

<p>name calling</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the apparatus theory, cinema is by nature ______ because its mechanics of representation are ideological.

<p>ideological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Action films like The Die Hard or the Lethal Weapon series, solving problems with ______.

<p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural ______, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class use cultural institutions to maintain wealth and power.

<p>hegemony</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are ideas, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes.

<p>Ideological elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Althusserian Film Theory provides a framework for analyzing how films represent class dynamics by showcasing the values and ______ that uphold social hierarchies.

<p>ideologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Media ______ means dominance of certain aspects of life and thought by the penetration of a dominant culture and its values into social life.

<p>hegemony</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass Advertising encourages people to patronize products that encourage a certain ______.

<p>lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term ideology was coined by a French aristocrat and torchbearer of enlightenment ideals, Antoine Destutt de ______ (1754-1836).

<p>Tracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The market model operates using the logic of supply and demand, where the quantity demand will equal the quantity supplied thereby resulting in economic ______.

<p>equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are values?

Values are principles that guide our judgment about the worth of ideas or practices. They influence our behavior and define what we consider right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.

What is propaganda?

Propaganda is a deliberate and systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate thoughts, and influence behavior to achieve the propagandist's desired outcome.

What is "spin" in propaganda?

Spin involves manipulating information to present a story in a favorable light, minimizing negative aspects and highlighting positive ones.

What is public relations in the context of propaganda?

Public relations focus on cultivating positive relationships between individuals or organizations and the public.

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What are the IPA's seven propaganda devices?

The IPA's seven propaganda devices are techniques used to manipulate public opinion and shape behavior.

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How do values affect behavior?

Values are enduring affective responses reflecting our beliefs about events, circumstances, or people. They shape our behaviors towards those.

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How do values define what is right and wrong?

Values define what we consider right or wrong, desirable or undesirable. They provide a framework for judging and making decisions.

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What was the sacre congregatio de Propahande fide?

The sacre congregatio de Propahande fide was established by the Vatican in 1672 to promote the Roman Catholic Church and counter the spread of Protestantism.

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Bandwagon

This propaganda technique uses the popularity of a person, group, or idea to convince people to join or support something. It plays on the idea that if everyone else is doing something, it must be good.

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Media Hegemony

The dominance of certain aspects of life and thought by the penetration of a dominant culture and its values into social life.

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Gramsci's Theory of Cultural Hegemony

A theory explaining how cultural institutions, like media, are used to maintain wealth and power by the ruling class.

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Card Stacking

This propaganda technique uses biased information, often including falsehoods, to promote a certain viewpoint. Opposing arguments are ignored or discredited to create a one-sided picture.

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Glittering Generalities

This technique uses vague and appealing terms to win over people. It avoids specific details or promises, relying on emotional connections instead of concrete plans.

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Ideology

A set of beliefs, attitudes, and values that shape our understanding of the world and our place in it.

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Lifestyles

The way we live, including our interests, hobbies, behavior, and opinions. Includes tangible elements, like social class and income, and intangible elements, like values and attitudes.

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Transfer

This technique uses the authority or credibility of a person, symbol, or institution to endorse an idea or product. It transfers trust from the authority figure onto the message.

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Propaganda Devices

Techniques used to manipulate public opinion and shape behavior, often used in propaganda.

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Plain Folks

This technique aims to create a connection between the propagandist or message and the common people. It suggests that the communicator shares the values and concerns of the audience.

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Testimonial

This technique uses testimonials or endorsements from individuals to support a product, idea, or cause. It relies on the perceived trustworthiness of the person giving the testimonial.

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Althusserian Film Theory

A framework for analyzing films that focuses on how they represent class dynamics and the ideologies that uphold social hierarchies.

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Name Calling

This technique uses negative language or labels to attack or discredit opponents. It aims to create fear or prejudice against individuals or groups.

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Market Model

The model where economic activity is driven by the interaction of supply and demand, aiming to maximize profits through equilibrium.

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Apparatus Theory of Media (Cinema)

This theory argues that cinema inherently carries ideological messages because its methods of representing reality are influenced by beliefs and values. Films are created to reflect and shape our understanding of the world.

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Culture as a Tool for Power

The use of cultural institutions, like media, to propagate ideas and influence behavior, often with a political agenda.

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Study Notes

Values and Attitudes

  • Values are special beliefs that are unlikely to change
  • Attitudes are the expressions of beliefs and responses to events or people
  • Attitudes affect a person's behavior
  • Attitudes can be predispositions to react favorably or unfavorably to a situation, event, or person
  • Values are principles used to judge the worth of an idea or practice
  • Values provide the criteria to judge ideas and practices
  • Spiritual values guide actions and decisions
  • Values are principles that define what is right or wrong

Propaganda

  • Propaganda is the dissemination or promotion of particular ideas.
  • The word originates from the Latin word "propagate" which means to sow
  • Propaganda has been used throughout history to advance and justify religious beliefs, conquests, and other advancements.
  • In 1672, the Vatican established the Sacred Congregation for Propagating the Faith.
  • In 1937, the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA) was formed to investigate propaganda within American society.
  • Propaganda is the deliberate attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate thought and behavior and spread information in order to achieve something specific.

Propaganda Techniques

  • Bandwagon: Everybody is doing it, so you should too
  • Card Stacking: Presents a biased argument by omitting opposing evidence
  • Glittering Generalities: Uses vague words to trigger positive feelings
  • Transfer: Giving credibility by associating a person to a trusted individual
  • Plain Folks: Making someone look like a regular person, even if they're not
  • Testimonial: Using famous people to promote an idea
  • Name-Calling: Using negative words to discredit an idea or person

Media and Ideology

  • Ideology has been conveyed by French Aristocrat and torchbearer of enlightenment, Antoine Destutt de Tracy.
  • The term comes from the Greek words "idea," or "form, pattern" and "-logos" which identifies the method.
  • Ideology deals with disseminating ideas, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes.

Media Organizations and Stakeholders

  • The market model works on the supply and demand principle.
  • The quantity supplied and quantity demanded are equal to create economic equilibrium thereby reaching the optimum level

Lifestyles

  • Lifestyles are the ways of living that include interests, behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of individuals, groups, or communities.
  • Lifestyles have two elements:
    • Tangible: social class, income, and status
    • Intangible: values, and attitudes.
  • Mass advertising encourages people to patronize specific products that reflect certain lifestyles

Althusserian Film Theory

  • Althusserian film theory provides a framework to analyze how films represent class dynamics by showing the values and ideologies that uphold social hierarchies

Media Hegemony Theory

  • Media hegemony is the dominance of certain aspects of life and thought by the penetration of a dominant culture and its values into social life.
  • Media serves as a crucial shaper of culture, values, and ideology.

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Description

Explore the concepts of values and attitudes, understanding how they shape behavior and decision-making. Learn about the role of propaganda in influencing beliefs and actions throughout history. This quiz will test your knowledge on these crucial social concepts.

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