Vaccines and Vaccination
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Questions and Answers

What is the advantage of peptide vaccines in terms of side effects?

  • They are only effective for a short period
  • They are more toxic
  • They have no effect on side effects
  • They are less toxic (correct)
  • What is the limitation of peptide vaccines in terms of immunogenicity?

  • They are more immunogenic than whole-virus vaccines
  • They are less immunogenic than whole-virus vaccines (correct)
  • They are equally immunogenic as whole-virus vaccines
  • They have no effect on immunogenicity
  • What is the advantage of peptide vaccines in terms of production and quality control?

  • It is not applicable
  • It is simpler (correct)
  • It is equally complex
  • It is more complex
  • What is the advantage of recombinant whole virus vaccines in terms of stability?

    <p>They are stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of recombinant whole virus vaccines in terms of immune response?

    <p>They stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of recombinant whole virus vaccines in terms of cost?

    <p>They are relatively cheap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of ISCOMS in terms of antigen presentation?

    <p>They are composed of adjuvant and antigen held in a cage-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential of recombinant whole virus vaccines?

    <p>They can produce polyvalent live vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a vaccine?

    <p>To establish immunity to a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine contains killed microorganisms?

    <p>Type A vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conjugate vaccines?

    <p>To link polysaccharide outer coats to proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of synthetic vaccines?

    <p>Synthetic peptides, carbohydrates, or antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of recombinant viral antigen subunit vaccines?

    <p>They are available in unlimited quantities and have simpler production and quality control processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recombinant DNA vaccines?

    <p>To establish immunity to a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major drawback of expressing virus proteins in E. coli cells?

    <p>The proteins are not glycosylated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of synthetic peptide vaccines?

    <p>Identification of immunogenic sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are anti-idiotypes being used to induce immunity against?

    <p>A wide range of viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA typically found in a human cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probable future of vaccines and vaccination?

    <p>Acellular and subcellular vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA in a cell?

    <p>To make proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recent development in vaccine production?

    <p>Use of genetically modified plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of toxoid-based vaccines?

    <p>The induced response may not always be very strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of RNA in a cell?

    <p>It is unstable and falls apart in hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential areas of focus for vaccines in the future?

    <p>Against allergies, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cell at the end of the viral replication process?

    <p>It bursts releasing viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spike protein in a virus?

    <p>To enter the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of vaccines in the future?

    <p>To treat drug addicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a DNA virus and an RNA virus?

    <p>The location of viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being explored for cancer treatment?

    <p>Tumor-specific antigens and heat shock proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of subunit vaccine development for tuberculosis?

    <p>To develop a vaccine that is more effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine work?

    <p>It uses an adenovirus protein shell with synthetic DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine?

    <p>The spike protein is released to activate the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the synthetic fatty coat in RNA vaccines?

    <p>To mimic the cell membrane and facilitate entry into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coronavirus spike protein in the vaccine?

    <p>To be presented to the immune system to stimulate an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the synthetic RNA in the cytoplasm after it has done its job?

    <p>It is naturally degraded by enzymes within hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibodies produced in response to the vaccine protect against infection?

    <p>By binding to the spike protein on the virus and preventing infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the Oxford vaccine and RNA vaccines?

    <p>The Oxford vaccine uses a protein shell, while RNA vaccines use a fatty coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the DNA in the Oxford vaccine?

    <p>It is naturally degraded by enzymes within hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are RNA vaccines considered highly purified?

    <p>Because they contain few contaminants and small amounts of polyethylene glycol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of previous generations of vaccines?

    <p>That they are contaminated with other proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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