40 Questions
What is the advantage of peptide vaccines in terms of side effects?
They are less toxic
What is the limitation of peptide vaccines in terms of immunogenicity?
They are less immunogenic than whole-virus vaccines
What is the advantage of peptide vaccines in terms of production and quality control?
It is simpler
What is the advantage of recombinant whole virus vaccines in terms of stability?
They are stable
What is the advantage of recombinant whole virus vaccines in terms of immune response?
They stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity
What is the advantage of recombinant whole virus vaccines in terms of cost?
They are relatively cheap
What is the advantage of ISCOMS in terms of antigen presentation?
They are composed of adjuvant and antigen held in a cage-like structure
What is the potential of recombinant whole virus vaccines?
They can produce polyvalent live vaccines
What is the purpose of a vaccine?
To establish immunity to a disease
What type of vaccine contains killed microorganisms?
Type A vaccine
What is the purpose of conjugate vaccines?
To link polysaccharide outer coats to proteins
What is the main component of synthetic vaccines?
Synthetic peptides, carbohydrates, or antigens
What is the advantage of recombinant viral antigen subunit vaccines?
They are available in unlimited quantities and have simpler production and quality control processes
What is the purpose of recombinant DNA vaccines?
To establish immunity to a disease
What is the major drawback of expressing virus proteins in E. coli cells?
The proteins are not glycosylated
What is the basis of synthetic peptide vaccines?
Identification of immunogenic sites
What are anti-idiotypes being used to induce immunity against?
A wide range of viruses
Where is DNA typically found in a human cell?
Nucleus
What is the probable future of vaccines and vaccination?
Acellular and subcellular vaccines
What is the primary function of RNA in a cell?
To make proteins
What is a recent development in vaccine production?
Use of genetically modified plants
What is a limitation of toxoid-based vaccines?
The induced response may not always be very strong
What is the characteristic of RNA in a cell?
It is unstable and falls apart in hours
What are potential areas of focus for vaccines in the future?
Against allergies, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV
What happens to the cell at the end of the viral replication process?
It bursts releasing viruses
What is the role of the spike protein in a virus?
To enter the cell
What is a potential use of vaccines in the future?
To treat drug addicts
What is the main difference between a DNA virus and an RNA virus?
The location of viral replication
What is being explored for cancer treatment?
Tumor-specific antigens and heat shock proteins
What is the goal of subunit vaccine development for tuberculosis?
To develop a vaccine that is more effective
How does the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine work?
It uses an adenovirus protein shell with synthetic DNA
What is the result of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine?
The spike protein is released to activate the immune system
What is the role of the synthetic fatty coat in RNA vaccines?
To mimic the cell membrane and facilitate entry into the cell
What is the function of the coronavirus spike protein in the vaccine?
To be presented to the immune system to stimulate an immune response
What happens to the synthetic RNA in the cytoplasm after it has done its job?
It is naturally degraded by enzymes within hours
How do antibodies produced in response to the vaccine protect against infection?
By binding to the spike protein on the virus and preventing infection
What is the difference between the Oxford vaccine and RNA vaccines?
The Oxford vaccine uses a protein shell, while RNA vaccines use a fatty coat
What happens to the DNA in the Oxford vaccine?
It is naturally degraded by enzymes within hours
Why are RNA vaccines considered highly purified?
Because they contain few contaminants and small amounts of polyethylene glycol
What is a common limitation of previous generations of vaccines?
That they are contaminated with other proteins
This quiz covers the basics of vaccines, including types of vaccines, their purpose, and how they are administered. Learn about the different types of vaccines and their uses.
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