18 Questions
What is the main characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?
They are identical because they are produced by one type of immune cell
What is the purpose of step 1 in generating monoclonal antibodies?
To stimulate the immune system to produce necessary antibodies
What is the term for antibodies that are derived from different cell lines?
Polyclonal antibodies
What is the result of multiple antigens on a microbe's surface?
Production of polyclonal antibodies
What is the function of clonal selection in the adaptive immune system?
To trigger the expansion of limited number of clones specific for a particular antigen
What is a clone in the context of immune cells?
A population of cells derived from a single progenitor cell
What is the purpose of adding polyethylene glycol in antibody production?
To fuse B-lymphocytes with tumour cells
What is the name of the medium used to selectively grow hybridoma cells?
HAT medium
Why are myeloma cells used in the production of monoclonal antibodies?
Because they are already immortalized
What is the application of monoclonal antibodies in detecting pregnancy?
They are used to diagnose pregnancy
What is the role of anti-mouse antibody in diagnostic kits?
It attaches a marker, tag, or enzyme to the monoclonal antibody
What is the therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment?
They are used to treat cancer by targeting tumour-associated antigens
What type of immunity is developed following vaccination?
Active immunity
What is the primary function of a vaccine?
To produce specific protection against a given disease
What type of vaccines are produced by injecting inactivated or attenuated infectious agents into an antibody-producing organism?
Traditional vaccines
What is the purpose of upstream processing in vaccine production?
Growing the microorganisms
What type of vaccines consist of entire organisms that have been modified to be unable to cause disease?
Whole-cell vaccines
What is the purpose of downstream processing in vaccine production?
Isolation and purification of microorganism
This quiz covers topics related to vaccines, including safety tests, toxoids, and monoclonal antibodies. It also explores the concept of clones and clonal selection in the adaptive immune system.
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