Immunology and Vaccines
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?

  • They are produced by multiple clones of different parent cells
  • They are identical because they are produced by one type of immune cell (correct)
  • They are specific for multiple antigens
  • They are derived from different cell lines

    • What is the purpose of step 1 in generating monoclonal antibodies?

  • To mix spleen cells and tumour cells
  • To stimulate the immune system to produce necessary antibodies (correct)
  • To extract mouse tumour cells
  • To extract mouse spleen cells

    • What is the term for antibodies that are derived from different cell lines?

  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Polyclonal antibodies (correct)
  • Identical antibodies
  • Specific antibodies

    • What is the result of multiple antigens on a microbe's surface?

    <p>Production of polyclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of clonal selection in the adaptive immune system?

    <p>To trigger the expansion of limited number of clones specific for a particular antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clone in the context of immune cells?

    <p>A population of cells derived from a single progenitor cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding polyethylene glycol in antibody production?

    <p>To fuse B-lymphocytes with tumour cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the medium used to selectively grow hybridoma cells?

    <p>HAT medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are myeloma cells used in the production of monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Because they are already immortalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of monoclonal antibodies in detecting pregnancy?

    <p>They are used to diagnose pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anti-mouse antibody in diagnostic kits?

    <p>It attaches a marker, tag, or enzyme to the monoclonal antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment?

    <p>They are used to treat cancer by targeting tumour-associated antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is developed following vaccination?

    <p>Active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a vaccine?

    <p>To produce specific protection against a given disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccines are produced by injecting inactivated or attenuated infectious agents into an antibody-producing organism?

    <p>Traditional vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of upstream processing in vaccine production?

    <p>Growing the microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccines consist of entire organisms that have been modified to be unable to cause disease?

    <p>Whole-cell vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of downstream processing in vaccine production?

    <p>Isolation and purification of microorganism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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