Questions and Answers
What is the recommended action when administering the BCG and DTP vaccines?
Why is it critical to store rabies vaccines properly?
What is a likely consequence of delaying the administration of the rabies vaccine?
What is the significance of administering vaccines within 24 hours of delivery?
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When considering giving blood products or immune globulin, what guideline should be followed?
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What is the recommended action if a patient has a previous severe allergic reaction to a vaccine?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the administration timing for vaccinations in infants?
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What is the main purpose of giving a killed vaccine to individuals with immunodeficiency?
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In which scenario should a live vaccine, like MMR, definitely not be given?
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What should be done if a child is found to be underweight (less than 2 kg) when due for a vaccination?
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Study Notes
Vaccination Timing and Types
- Delay vaccination up to 11 months if Immunoglobulin (IG) is given, as it depresses the immune system.
- First vaccination typically administered at birth as part of the routine immunization schedule.
- Routine immunizations in Saudi Arabia (KSA) consist of 4 doses to decrease incidence and prevalence of diseases.
- Vaccines should not be given to infants weighing less than 2 kg.
Vaccine Reactions and Precautions
- Previous severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, necessitate caution or avoidance of future doses.
- Complete doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine provide about 90% protection.
- For children aged 7 who have never been vaccinated, a different dosage for Pertussis is advised due to potential complications.
Specific Vaccines
- Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (DTaP): Adults receive the Tetanus vaccine, and it's essential for all healthcare workers to be vaccinated against Tetanus, Hepatitis B, influenza, and meningococcal diseases.
- Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine: Administer 3 doses at 2, 4, and 6 months; effective in preventing Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.
- Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV): Cheap and administered orally; suitable for healthy individuals.
- Injectable Polio Vaccine: Killed vaccine, more expensive, recommended for immunodeficient patients; doses given at 2, 4, and 6 months.
Pneumococcal Vaccines
- Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine (Prevenar): Covers 13 types of bacteria, crucial for immunization schedules, and given at 2, 4, and 6 months.
- Protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, providing long-term immunity.
- Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine: Offers short-term immunity (2-3 years), primarily for high-risk groups such as those with sickle cell anemia.
Other Vaccination Guidelines
- Measles vaccine given at 9 months, with MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) introduced at 1 year and booster doses at 18 months and before school enrollment.
- Meningococcal vaccines are available in conjugate (long-term immunity but not all subtypes covered) and polysaccharide forms; doses recommended at 9 months and 1 year.
- rabies vaccine should be administered within 24 hours of exposure.
Contraindications and Special Considerations
- Immunocompromised patients should not receive live vaccines (e.g., BCG, OPV, MMR).
- Special care is necessary when giving vaccines to patients with previous allergic reactions to ensure safety.
- Doses must be correctly timed to prevent severe reactions like intussusception, particularly with rotavirus vaccinations.
Administration Sites
- BCG and DTP vaccines are given intradermally; established guidelines exist for administering blood products or immunoglobulin alongside certain vaccines.
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Description
This quiz examines the proper timing and considerations when administering vaccinations, including the differences between live-attenuated and killed vaccines. It also discusses the recommended delay in vaccination after administration of immunoglobulin (IG). Test your knowledge on these critical aspects of immunization.
