14 Questions
What type of vaccine involves weakened forms of the disease-causing agent?
Live attenuated vaccine
Which immune response provides the initial defense against pathogens?
Innate immune response
What did Edward Jenner use in 1796 to successfully administer the first-ever vaccine?
Cowpox virus
Which type of vaccine involves isolated genes that produce specific antibodies when injected into the body?
DNA vaccine
How do vaccines stimulate the adaptive immune system without causing the full disease?
By targeting specific components of pathogens
What potential do advancements in DNA vaccines offer for future treatments against infectious diseases?
Effective treatments against malaria and Ebola
Which type of immune response involves B and T cells that fight and remember pathogens for future encounters?
Adaptive immunity
What is the primary purpose of live attenuated vaccines?
To trigger an immune response without causing full-blown disease
How do inactivated vaccines provide protection against diseases?
By killing pathogens in the body
Which type of vaccine focuses on specific parts of pathogens to induce targeted immune responses?
Subunit vaccines
What is the role of DNA vaccines in fighting off diseases?
Isolating genes for producing specific antibodies
Which type of immune response provides the initial defense against pathogens?
Innate immunity
What distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate immunity?
Involvement of B and T cells
How do subunit vaccines differ from live attenuated vaccines?
Live attenuated vaccines use weakened forms of the disease-causing agent, whereas subunit vaccines focus on specific parts of pathogens.
Study Notes
- In 1796, Edward Jenner successfully administered the first-ever vaccine to an 8-year-old boy, using cowpox virus to protect against smallpox, marking a breakthrough in vaccination history.
- The immune system defends against infectious diseases by triggering responses like coughing, sneezing, inflammation, and fever to identify and eliminate foreign pathogens.
- Innate immune responses provide initial defense, while adaptive immunity involves specialized cells like B and T cells that fight and remember pathogens for future encounters.
- Vaccines work by stimulating the adaptive immune system without causing the full disease, using weakened live vaccines, inactivated vaccines, or subunit vaccines targeting specific components of pathogens.
- Live attenuated vaccines are made from weakened forms of the disease-causing agent, while inactivated vaccines involve killed pathogens, both triggering an immune response without causing full-blown disease.
- Subunit vaccines focus on specific parts of pathogens to induce targeted immune responses, while DNA vaccines isolate genes that produce specific antibodies needed to fight off diseases when injected into the body.
- Advancements in DNA vaccines offer the potential for more effective treatments against various infectious diseases in the future, paving the way for tackling diseases like HIV, malaria, or Ebola.
Test your knowledge on vaccination history, immune system responses, types of vaccines, and advancements in DNA vaccines. Explore topics such as Edward Jenner's breakthrough, innate and adaptive immunity, live attenuated and subunit vaccines, and the potential of DNA vaccines for treating infectious diseases.
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