Immune System and Vaccination Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

To synthesize lipids

To code for DNA sequence

To translate proteins

To carry genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (correct)

Which component plays a crucial role in the immune response by interacting with T cells?

Spike protein (correct)

Cytotoxic cells

mRNA

Lipid cover

What do plasma memory cells do after an immune response?

Disintegrate after infection

Attack foreign pathogens directly

Produce antibodies immediately

Clone themselves for rapid response (correct)

How does the spike protein relate to the structure of a virus?

It helps the virus enter host cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the MHC molecule in the immune system?

It presents peptide fragments to T cells Signup and view all the answers

In the context of virus vaccination, why is the spike protein important?

It induces an immune response without altering DNA Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are responsible for memory in the immune response?

Plasma memory cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about viral proteins is accurate?

They are encoded by the virus's mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of memory B cells in the immune response?

They rapidly divide and produce antibodies upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it beneficial to have a longer timing gap between vaccinations?

It improves the chances of developing long-term memory cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes herd immunity?

It occurs when the majority of a population is immune, preventing disease spread. Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine uses a single protein from a pathogen?

Subunit vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Why might some individuals not be able to build a good immune response to vaccines?

They are immunocompromised or very young. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using mRNA vaccines?

They instruct cells to produce a pathogen protein to trigger an immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body's response when the same pathogen infects again after initial exposure?

The body responds more quickly and strongly due to memory cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaccinations from a public health perspective?

To reduce the overall spread of diseases in the population. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune System Memory

Memory B cells can wait a long time to respond to pathogens.
When the same pathogen returns, memory B cells rapidly divide.
Plasma cells make antibodies.
New memory B cells are set aside.
The response is quicker and stronger.

Vaccination Timing

Six months is a good time between vaccinations.
This avoids being sick for long periods, and/or not getting sick at all.
Vaccinations can be used to create a pretend infection.
This reduces negative health impacts and risks.

Herd Immunity

Vaccinating more people reduces the spread of disease.
Some people cannot be vaccinated (babies < 6 months).
Others may not build a good immune response.
Herd immunity occurs when enough people are vaccinated to stop disease spread.

Vaccine Types

Single proteins from pathogens.
Weakened pathogens (heat inactivated, cultured in cells.)
mRNA vaccines.
mRNA vaccines encode viral proteins for the body to produce.
mRNA vaccines do not change cellular DNA.

COVID-19 Vaccine Mechanism

Lipid-mRNA cover for Spike protein.
mRNA translates into Spike proteins.
Muscle cells receive the Spike protein.
Helper T cells activate B cells.
B cells create plasma and memory cells.
Memory T cells also create clones.

B Cell Receptor (DNA Structure)

B cell receptor DNA structure is a unique combination of DNA pieces.
The combination of DNA pieces for B cell receptors is created randomly.
Constant domain code (DNA) and a unique variable code combine.

Midterm 3 - Physics

Includes student questions, short answer, and multiple choice questions.
The equation amount×T×R=P×Vamount \times T \times R = P \times Vamount×T×R=P×V is given.
Constant value for pressure, volume and temperature are given (37°C).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to the immune system, including the role of memory B cells in pathogen response, the timing of vaccinations for optimal effectiveness, and the importance of herd immunity in public health. Additionally, various types of vaccines, including mRNA vaccines, are discussed to illustrate how they work to protect individuals and communities from disease.