Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two ways to achieve immunity to infectious microorganisms?
What are the two ways to achieve immunity to infectious microorganisms?
- Transfer from mother to fetus and previous infection
- Injection of antibodies and vaccines
- Natural and artificial means (correct)
- Passive and active immunization
How can immunity to infectious microorganisms be acquired through natural processes?
How can immunity to infectious microorganisms be acquired through natural processes?
- By injection of antibodies
- By transfer from mother to fetus
- By previous infection by the organism
- B+C (correct)
What is an example of artificial means to achieve immunity to infectious microorganisms?
What is an example of artificial means to achieve immunity to infectious microorganisms?
- B+C (correct)
- Vaccines
- Injection of antibodies
- Transfer from mother to fetus
Passive immunization occurs when:
Passive immunization occurs when:
What is the outcome of passive immunization?
What is the outcome of passive immunization?
How do maternal antibodies provide passive immunity to the developing fetus?
How do maternal antibodies provide passive immunity to the developing fetus?
What is a characteristic of passive immunization achieved by injecting preformed antibodies?
What is a characteristic of passive immunization achieved by injecting preformed antibodies?
Which of the following microorganisms provide passively acquired protection to the developing fetus?
Which of the following microorganisms provide passively acquired protection to the developing fetus?
Passive immunization activates the immune system to generate a memory response.
Passive immunization activates the immune system to generate a memory response.
Under what conditions is passive immunization required?
Under what conditions is passive immunization required?
What situation may necessary passive immunization?
What situation may necessary passive immunization?
What is a potential reason for using passive immunization?
What is a potential reason for using passive immunization?
When might passive immunization be necessary?
When might passive immunization be necessary?
What is the primary goal of active immunization?
What is the primary goal of active immunization?
How can active immunization be achieved artificially?
How can active immunization be achieved artificially?
What is the outcome of passive immunization?
What is the outcome of passive immunization?
What role do antigen-reactive T and B cells play in active immunization?
What role do antigen-reactive T and B cells play in active immunization?
What is the primary goal of active immunization?
What is the primary goal of active immunization?
How can active immunization be achieved?
How can active immunization be achieved?
What role do antigen-reactive T and B cells play in active immunization?
What role do antigen-reactive T and B cells play in active immunization?
How does passive immunization differ from active immunization?
How does passive immunization differ from active immunization?
What does the development of an immune response indicate?
What does the development of an immune response indicate?
What must vaccine designers recognize when activating different branches of the immune system?
What must vaccine designers recognize when activating different branches of the immune system?
Under what condition does the development of an immune response not necessarily lead to protective immunity?
Under what condition does the development of an immune response not necessarily lead to protective immunity?
What is the primary goal of whole-organism vaccines?
What is the primary goal of whole-organism vaccines?
Which of the following is an example of a whole-organism vaccine?
Which of the following is an example of a whole-organism vaccine?
What is the purpose of prolonged immune-system exposure in whole-organism vaccines?
What is the purpose of prolonged immune-system exposure in whole-organism vaccines?
How are microorganisms attenuated for vaccines?
How are microorganisms attenuated for vaccines?
What is the primary goal of inactivated whole-pathogenic organism vaccines?
What is the primary goal of inactivated whole-pathogenic organism vaccines?
How is inactivation of the pathogen achieved in whole-organism vaccines?
How is inactivation of the pathogen achieved in whole-organism vaccines?
Which of the following is used for chemical inactivation of pathogens?
Which of the following is used for chemical inactivation of pathogens?
Which of the following is an example of a disease that can be prevented by an inactivated whole-organism vaccine?
Which of the following is an example of a disease that can be prevented by an inactivated whole-organism vaccine?
What is the rationale for vaccines consisting of purified capsular polysaccharides?
What is the rationale for vaccines consisting of purified capsular polysaccharides?
What is one limitation of polysaccharide vaccines?
What is one limitation of polysaccharide vaccines?
What type of immune response do inactivated whole-pathogenic organism vaccines elicit?
What type of immune response do inactivated whole-pathogenic organism vaccines elicit?
Which two diseases are mentioned as examples?
Which two diseases are mentioned as examples?
Purified capsular polysaccharides can be used as vaccines against Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides.
Purified capsular polysaccharides can be used as vaccines against Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides.
Polysaccharide vaccines are capable of activating TH cells.
Polysaccharide vaccines are capable of activating TH cells.
Passive immunization involves injecting preformed antibodies.
Passive immunization involves injecting preformed antibodies.
Polysaccharide vaccines activate B cells in a thymus independent type 2 (TI-2) manner.
Polysaccharide vaccines activate B cells in a thymus independent type 2 (TI-2) manner.
What is the primary advantage of conjugate vaccines like the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine?
What is the primary advantage of conjugate vaccines like the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine?
What kind of vaccine is Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine?
What kind of vaccine is Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine?
Which type of cells does the Hib vaccine activate, leading to class switching from IgM to IgG?
Which type of cells does the Hib vaccine activate, leading to class switching from IgM to IgG?
How are toxoids for diphtheria and tetanus vaccines produced?
How are toxoids for diphtheria and tetanus vaccines produced?
What is the primary function of vaccination with toxoids?
What is the primary function of vaccination with toxoids?
How can large quantities of exotoxin be prepared for vaccine production?
How can large quantities of exotoxin be prepared for vaccine production?
What is the process of inactivating the toxin with formaldehyde to form a toxoid called?
What is the process of inactivating the toxin with formaldehyde to form a toxoid called?
How is the hepatitis B vaccine produced using recombinant DNA technology?
How is the hepatitis B vaccine produced using recombinant DNA technology?
What is the primary application of recombinant DNA technology in vaccine production?
What is the primary application of recombinant DNA technology in vaccine production?
What is the first recombinant antigen vaccine approved for human use?
What is the first recombinant antigen vaccine approved for human use?
What is the primary function of recombinant-vector vaccines?
What is the primary function of recombinant-vector vaccines?
Which virus was used to eradicate smallpox?
Which virus was used to eradicate smallpox?
How many genes does the vaccinia virus have?
How many genes does the vaccinia virus have?
What happens when the genetically engineered vaccinia virus expresses a gene product?
What happens when the genetically engineered vaccinia virus expresses a gene product?
How is the gene that encodes the desired antigen inserted into the vaccinia virus genome?
How is the gene that encodes the desired antigen inserted into the vaccinia virus genome?
What is the role of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdr) in the process of selecting cells containing the recombinant vaccinia virus?
What is the role of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdr) in the process of selecting cells containing the recombinant vaccinia virus?
What is the result of homologous recombination at the site of the nonessential TK gene?
What is the result of homologous recombination at the site of the nonessential TK gene?
What is the primary advantage of DNA vaccines?
What is the primary advantage of DNA vaccines?
What type of response do DNA vaccines elicit?
What type of response do DNA vaccines elicit?
What is the outcome of DNA vaccines inducing prolonged expression of the antigen?
What is the outcome of DNA vaccines inducing prolonged expression of the antigen?
DNA vaccines lead to both humoral antibody response and a cell-mediated response.
DNA vaccines lead to both humoral antibody response and a cell-mediated response.
DNA vaccines do not induce immunological memory.
DNA vaccines do not induce immunological memory.
DNA vaccines can lead to prolonged expression of the antigen.
DNA vaccines can lead to prolonged expression of the antigen.
