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What is the definition of artificial active immunity?
What is the definition of artificial active immunity?
Artificially making people immune to a disease without ever having caught it.
The process of artificial active immunity involves injecting a modified ______.
The process of artificial active immunity involves injecting a modified ______.
antigen
What happens after the primary immune system response is stimulated by vaccination?
What happens after the primary immune system response is stimulated by vaccination?
The immune system produces memory cells.
What is herd immunity?
What is herd immunity?
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What is the definition of passive immunity?
What is the definition of passive immunity?
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When is passive immunity used?
When is passive immunity used?
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What role do antibodies play in passive immunity?
What role do antibodies play in passive immunity?
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How are antibodies prepared for passive immunity?
How are antibodies prepared for passive immunity?
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How can passive immunity occur naturally?
How can passive immunity occur naturally?
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Why are immunoglobulin proteins absorbed intact into a baby?
Why are immunoglobulin proteins absorbed intact into a baby?
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How is active immunity naturally acquired?
How is active immunity naturally acquired?
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How is passive immunity naturally acquired?
How is passive immunity naturally acquired?
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How is active immunity artificially acquired?
How is active immunity artificially acquired?
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How is passive immunity artificially acquired?
How is passive immunity artificially acquired?
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What are some ethical issues of vaccination? (Select all that apply)
What are some ethical issues of vaccination? (Select all that apply)
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What is an example of human testing related to vaccination?
What is an example of human testing related to vaccination?
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Study Notes
Artificial Active Immunity
- Defined as the process of creating immunity to a disease through vaccination without prior exposure to the disease.
- Involves injecting a modified antigen that is non-virulent, stimulating an initial immune response.
- The immune system generates memory cells, enabling a more robust secondary response upon actual exposure to the pathogen.
- Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated, protecting unvaccinated individuals.
Passive Immunity
- Involves the injection of antibodies directly into the bloodstream to combat specific pathogens.
- Employed when an individual has already contracted an illness, providing immediate assistance to the immune system.
- Antibodies support the immune response and are crucial in managing severe illnesses.
- Can be derived from an infected person's blood serum or created through genetic engineering.
Natural Passive Immunity
- Mothers transfer antibodies to their babies either through the placenta during pregnancy or via colostrum during breastfeeding.
- This transfer helps newborns survive in environments with a high presence of pathogens.
- Antibodies are absorbed intact into the baby's system because their digestive system is not fully functional at birth.
Active and Passive Immunity Acquisition
- Active immunity can be acquired naturally when antigens enter the body, prompting the production of antibodies and specialized lymphocytes.
- Re-exposure to a previously encountered pathogen results in immunity without clinical signs of disease.
- Passive immunity may also occur naturally through maternal transmission of antibodies.
- For artificial acquisition of active immunity, weakened or dead antigens are introduced via vaccines, stimulating antibody production.
- Artificial passive immunity involves administering preformed antibodies through injections.
Ethical Issues in Vaccination
- Controversies exist surrounding animal testing, with debates about its acceptability.
- Concerns regarding potential long-term side effects of vaccines and their associated risks.
- Ethical dilemmas arise around human testing: selecting trial participants and the implications of unknown health risks.
- The issue of compulsory vaccination fosters debate on individual rights and the grounds for opting out.
- Questions about the financial justification of vaccination programs versus funding for other disease treatments.
Historical Example of Human Testing
- Smallpox vaccination originated from observing milkmaids who contracted cowpox but did not catch smallpox, leading to the practice of injecting cowpox to test immunity.
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Description
Explore the different types of immunity in this quiz focused on Artificial Active Immunity, Passive Immunity, and Natural Passive Immunity. Understand how vaccines stimulate the immune response and how antibodies can provide immediate protection against diseases. Test your knowledge on these crucial immunological concepts!