U.S.-Puerto Rico Relations and Spanish-American War
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Questions and Answers

What act was established by Congress in 1900 to create a civil government for Puerto Rico?

  • The Jones Act
  • The Foraker Act (correct)
  • The Bell Act
  • The Smith Act

By what year were Puerto Ricans allowed to elect their own governor?

  • 1934
  • 1900
  • 1917 (correct)
  • 1920

Who led the Filipino troops in their attack against American soldiers in 1899?

  • José Rizal
  • Manuel L. Quezon
  • Andres Bonifacio
  • Emilio Aguinaldo (correct)

What strategy did the U.S. military use to combat Filipino guerrillas during the rebellion?

<p>Concentration camps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first U.S. civilian governor of the Philippines?

<p>William Howard Taft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did sugarcane plantations play in the conflict between the United States and Spain over Cuba?

<p>They were a major source of wealth for Spanish landowners. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct consequence of the economic ties between the United States and Cuba?

<p>A new tariff was imposed on Cuban sugar, harming its economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did José Martí contribute to the rebellion in Cuba?

<p>He helped organize the initial guerrilla war. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shift occurred in U.S. public opinion regarding the Cuban rebels?

<p>It was influenced by exaggerated stories of Spanish atrocities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of President Cleveland to the beginning of the uprising in Cuba?

<p>He declared the United States neutral. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Battle of Manila Bay?

<p>The Spanish fleet was swiftly destroyed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which American cavalry unit is prominently recognized for its role in Cuba during the war?

<p>The Rough Riders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary argument against the annexation of new territories?

<p>It raised questions about ruling without consent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key battle did American forces engage in Cuba that contributed to the defeat of the Spanish troops?

<p>Battle of San Juan Hill (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territories were acquired by the United States following the Spanish-American War?

<p>Puerto Rico and Guam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is yellow journalism primarily characterized by?

<p>Sensationalized and biased reporting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on February 15, 1898?

<p>The explosion of the USS Maine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors prompted American calls for intervention in Cuba?

<p>Cubans being placed in concentration camps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the rallying cry for war against Spain?

<p>Remember the Maine! (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions did Congress take in April 1898?

<p>Authorized the use of force against Spain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the American attack on the Spanish fleet in the Philippines?

<p>Commodore George Dewey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Cuban Rebellion?

<p>Increased fears of American intervention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the aggressive nationalism in the Republican Party during this period?

<p>Jingoism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Spanish-American War?

<p>The US defeated Spain and expanded its influence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which argument was NOT part of the anti-imperialist movement's stance?

<p>Self-governance was abundant in the acquired territories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reason did President McKinley NOT cite for annexing the Philippines?

<p>The belief in extending democracy at all costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred for the Philippines in 1946?

<p>They gained full independence from the United States. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one economic effect of the war on American investments?

<p>Investments primarily focused on agriculture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which provisions were included in the Platt Amendment?

<p>The US right to intervene in Cuban affairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key financial outcome of the Treaty of Paris?

<p>The US acquired the Philippines for $20 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the costs of the Spanish-American War and the Filipino guerrilla resistance financially impact the United States?

<p>They led to increased naval spending. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the Spanish-American War, the United States transformed primarily due to:

<p>Increased involvement in global affairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a political consequence of the decision to annex the Philippines?

<p>It created debates over the costs and benefits of imperialism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a prominent figure opposing imperialism?

<p>Samuel Clemens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reform helped reduce hostility among Filipinos after the war?

<p>Improvements in education, transportation, and healthcare. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much did American investments grow from 1897 to 1904?

<p>$1.8 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the call for the annexation of the Philippines?

<p>Concerns about returning the islands to Spain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major effect of the U.S. annexation of the Philippines?

<p>It resulted in armed resistance from Filipino guerrillas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of American military spending increased from $64 million in 1899 to $135 million in 1912?

<p>Naval spending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cuban Rebellion

A series of uprisings in Cuba against Spanish colonial rule, starting in 1868 and continuing in 1895, aiming for Cuban independence.

Sugarcane and Wealth

Sugarcane plantations in Cuba were a major source of wealth for Spain, generating a significant portion of the world's sugar production in the 1800s.

Spanish Atrocities

News reports about brutal treatment of Cubans by Spanish authorities, often exaggerated or fabricated, fueled public support for Cuban independence in the United States.

US-Cuba Economic Ties

The United States and Cuba were economically connected through trade and investment. This created economic dependence and influenced American involvement in Cuban affairs.

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José Martí

A Cuban rebel leader who advocated for independence from Spain and died during the 1895 rebellion, influencing Cuban nationalist sentiment.

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Spanish-American War

A conflict between the United States and Spain in 1898, resulting in American victory and the acquisition of overseas territories.

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Battle of Manila Bay

A decisive naval battle in which American forces under Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet, paving the way for American control of the Philippines.

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Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt, known for their bravery and role in the battle of San Juan Hill.

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Annexation Debate

The ongoing discussion about whether the US should incorporate territories like Guam and Puerto Rico into its territory, with arguments for and against.

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American Imperialism

The policy of the United States to expand its influence and control over territories beyond its own borders, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized, biased news reporting that often exaggerates or invents stories to attract readers.

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USS Maine Explosion

The American battleship, USS Maine, exploded in Havana harbor, sparking public outrage and fueling calls for war with Spain.

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Jingoism

Aggressive nationalism, often characterized by a strong sense of patriotism and a desire for military expansion.

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Dewey's Action

Commodore George Dewey led a U.S. naval attack on the Spanish fleet in the Philippines, a significant victory for the Americans.

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What impact did the USS Maine explosion have on US-Spain relations?

The explosion, though its cause remains disputed, fueled American outrage against Spain, significantly contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War.

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How did Yellow Journalism contribute to the Spanish-American War?

By exaggerating and sensationalizing Spanish cruelty and Cuban suffering, Yellow Journalism inflamed American public opinion, increasing support for war against Spain.

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Why was the Spanish-American War fought on two fronts?

The war was fought in both Cuba and the Philippines, as Spain controlled both territories. American forces aimed to liberate Cuba and defeat Spain.

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Foraker Act

A law passed in 1900 that established a civil government for Puerto Rico, giving them an elected legislature and an appointed governor.

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Puerto Rico's Status Debate

A long-lasting debate about Puerto Rico's future, with options including becoming a U.S. state, becoming independent, or remaining as a commonwealth.

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Emilio Aguinaldo

A Filipino leader who led troops against American soldiers in 1899, seeking independence for the Philippines.

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Concentration Camps in the Philippines

Camps set up by the U.S. military to isolate Filipino guerrillas from civilians, sadly leading to many deaths from disease and starvation.

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Taft's Strategy

William Howard Taft, the first U.S. civilian governor of the Philippines, aimed to win over Filipino civilians by trying to create a more peaceful relationship.

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Anti-Imperialism Movement

A group of Americans who opposed the United States taking control of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.

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McKinley's Rationale for Annexation

President McKinley's reasons for annexing the Philippines included preventing European control, promoting American civilization, and avoiding a return to Spanish rule.

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Treaty of Paris (1898)

The treaty signed by Spain and the United States to officially end the Spanish-American War, resulting in the US gaining territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

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Platt Amendment

An amendment to the Cuban constitution that granted the United States the right to intervene in Cuban affairs to protect its interests.

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Rise of American Imperialism

The period following the Spanish-American War, where the United States expanded its influence and territory, acquiring colonies and engaging in global affairs.

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How did the Spanish-American War change the US?

The war transformed the US from a regional power to a dominant force on the world stage, expanding its influence and taking on a greater role in global affairs.

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What were the major consequences of the Spanish-American War?

The war resulted in US territorial expansion, increased international influence, and growing involvement in global affairs, shaping American identity and foreign policy.

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Filipino Resistance

The Filipinos fought against American control after the Spanish-American War, using guerilla tactics to resist the American presence.

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American Investment Boom

The Spanish-American War opened up opportunities for U.S. companies to invest in newly acquired territories like Cuba, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, leading to a surge in American investment.

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Military Spending Increase

The cost of the war with Spain and the Filipino resistance led to a dramatic increase in U.S. naval spending, as the country needed a stronger military to protect its new overseas possessions.

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Economic Impact of War

The Spanish-American War had significant economic consequences, including increased American investment in new territories and a rise in U.S. military spending, but also diverting funds from other areas.

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Filipino Autonomy

The United States gradually granted Filipinos more autonomy in their government, culminating in full independence in 1946.

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Philippine Independence

The Philippines gained complete independence from the United States in 1946, ending decades of American control over the country.

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Cost of the War

The cost of the Spanish-American War, including both military expenses and human lives, was substantial, with over 9,600 American soldiers dying.

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