U.S. History: Key Concepts and Events
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Questions and Answers

What is a cooperative?

  • An organization owned and run by its members (correct)
  • A type of monopoly
  • A political initiative
  • A form of isolationism

    • Isolationism refers to a foreign policy where a country actively engages in international affairs.

    False

    What amendment enacted the prohibition of alcohol in the United States?

    18th Amendment

    A _____ can be used by citizens to propose a new law.

    <p>initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts to their definitions:

    <p>Recall = Removing a corrupt politician from office Referendum = Voting on a proposed bill Monopoly = Complete control of an industry by one company Nativism = Protecting the interests of established inhabitants against immigrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Social Darwinism?

    <p>The belief that survival of the fittest applies to social hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Red Scare was primarily concerned with the rise of social democracy in America.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Gilded Age, the U.S. experienced a rise in _____, where one company dominated an entire industry.

    <p>monopolies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Temperance movement?

    <p>To promote moderation or complete abstinence of intoxicating liquor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Constitution was ratified in 1776.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first president and principal developer of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute?

    <p>Booker T. Washington</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event did the Declaration of Independence lead to?

    <p>The American Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Dust Bowl was caused primarily by excessive rains and sustainable farming practices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Klondike Gold Rush?

    <p>Increased settlement in Alaska and the Northwest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Act aimed to dissolve trusts that were in restraint of trade.

    <p>Sherman Anti-Trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Depression was caused by overproduction, bank failures, and high ______.

    <p>tariffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following amendments to their rights:

    <p>1st amendment = Freedom of Speech, religion, and the press 2nd amendment = Right to bear arms 4th amendment = Freedom from unnecessary search and seizure 8th amendment = Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a characteristic of the Gilded Age?

    <p>Rapid industrial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following New Deal programs with their primary functions:

    <p>WPA = Provided temporary jobs on public works projects TVA = Provided electric services to rural areas FDIC = Insured deposits in banks SEC = Regulated financial markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency was created to offer income to retired individuals?

    <p>Social Security Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The economic downturn of the 1930s was known as the Great Recession.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FDR's New Deal programs did not alter the federal government's economic role.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal document established the fundamental rights of citizens in the United States?

    <p>The Bill of Rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one tactic used by President Roosevelt to ensure his New Deal programs would be upheld?

    <p>He attempted to pack the Supreme Court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Policy ensured that Chinese trade markets remained open to the United States.

    <p>Open Door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical events/issues with their corresponding eras:

    <p>Prohibition = 1920s The New Deal = 1930s Industrial expansion = Gilded Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The economic hardships of the Great Depression led to ____________ percent unemployment among men.

    <p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did high tariffs have during the Great Depression?

    <p>Decreased trade with other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act made it a crime to convey information intended to interfere with the World War I effort?

    <p>Espionage Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Smoot-Hawley Tariff aimed to reduce U.S. import duties.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the key aims of the Progressive Era?

    <p>To address social problems from the Gilded Age and give more political voice to the common man.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ Acts imposed penalties for dissenting speech during World War I.

    <p>Espionage and Sedition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the 17th Amendment?

    <p>To ensure the direct election of senators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a push factor for westward expansion in the late 1800s?

    <p>Cheap land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Populist Movement primarily represented urban middle-class interests.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one significant impact of the Homestead Act of 1862.

    <p>It provided 160 acres of land to settlers willing to improve it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ was created in 1913 to protect workers' rights.

    <p>Department of Labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these amendments was designed to ensure women's suffrage?

    <p>19th Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reformers with their contributions:

    <p>Jane Addams = Opened Hull House for immigrants Upton Sinclair = Wrote about unsanitary conditions in the meat industry Jacob Riis = Photographed poor living conditions Susan B. Anthony = Advocate for women's suffrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant result of the Interstate Commerce Act?

    <p>Regulated railroad monopolies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ Act aimed to ensure food safety and prevent contamination.

    <p>Pure Food and Drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Labor unions emerged in response to government protection of workers' rights.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one impact of industrialization on urbanization?

    <p>Industrialization created jobs, attracting people to cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect was a common goal of both the Populist and Progressive movements?

    <p>Reform in government practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conflicts arising from westward expansion often involved _____ and ranchers claiming the land.

    <p>Native Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reform that aimed to diminish the power of political machines.

    <p>The Secret Ballot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act aimed to prohibit the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce?

    <p>Pure Food and Drug Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U.S. acquired Alaska from Canada in 1867.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of Roosevelt's Square Deal?

    <p>Protection of the consumer, control of large corporations, and conservation of natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U.S. acquired Hawaii after the overthrow of Queen __________.

    <p>Liliuokalani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following territories with their acquisition dates:

    <p>Philippines = 1898 Puerto Rico = 1898 Hawaii = 1959 Alaska = 1867</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key reason for the U.S. entering World War I?

    <p>Sinking of the Lusitania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Migration led to fewer opportunities for Black Americans in the North.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was considered the leader of the Harlem Renaissance?

    <p>Alain Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The American Expeditionary Forces were led by General __________ during World War I.

    <p>Pershing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one effect of women entering traditionally male-dominated jobs during WWI?

    <p>Increased social and economic independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Treaty of Versailles was widely accepted by the American public.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one argument against ratifying the Treaty of Versailles?

    <p>Desire to remain isolated or concerns about the League of Nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U.S. aimed to maintain a position of __________ before entering WWI.

    <p>neutrality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following innovations to their impact on WWI:

    <p>Tanks = Broke the stalemate of trench warfare Chemical gas = Introduced new forms of warfare Machine guns = Increased lethality of battle Airplanes = Provided new reconnaissance capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cooperatives (3B)

    • Cooperatives are organizations owned and run by members.
    • Members share profits or benefits.
    • Examples include farm, business, and other organizations.

    Initiative, Referendum, Recall (5A)

    • Referendum: Citizens vote on a proposed bill.
    • Initiative: Citizens propose a bill.
    • Recall: A corrupt politician can be removed by citizens.

    Isolationism (4F)

    • Isolationism is a foreign policy of staying separate from other countries.
    • After WWI, the US pursued an isolationist policy.

    Mexican Repatriation (16C)

    • Mexican workers were forced to return to Mexico.
    • This occurred due to concerns over job competition during high unemployment.

    Monopolies (3B)

    • Monopolies occur when one company controls an entire industry.
    • Monopolies were common during the Gilded Age.
    • Monopolies decrease competition and increase prices.
    • Captains of industry led industries and often owned monopolies (e.g., Andrew Carnegie – steel).

    Nativism (6A)

    • Nativism prioritizes the interests of native-born citizens over immigrants.

    Neutrality (4F)

    • Neutrality is the policy of not supporting either side in a conflict.

    Prohibition (6A)

    • The 18th Amendment banned alcohol.

    Regulation (15B)

    • Regulation limits, controls, or steers actions of individuals or companies.

    Red Scare (6A)

    • The 1920s saw fear of communist influence in the US.
    • This fear led to violations of civil rights, questioning of suspected communists.
    • Questioning of immigrants' loyalty to the U.S. ensued.

    Social Darwinism (5C)

    • Social Darwinism applies Darwin's theory of evolution to society.
    • It promotes the idea of "survival of the fittest" in social contexts.
    • It has been used to justify various beliefs; imperialism, racism, eugenics, inequality.

    Suffrage (22A)

    • Suffrage is the right to vote.

    Temperance (6A)

    • Temperance advocates for moderation or total abstinence from alcohol.

    Yellow Journalism (4A)

    • Yellow journalism is sensationalized reporting, often exaggerating facts.
    • Sensational headlines about the USS Maine contributed to the Spanish-American War.

    Declaration of Independence (1A)

    • The colonies declared independence from Great Britain in 1776.
    • It was a statement of separation, citing taxation without representation and British interference.
    • It led to the American Revolution and the creation of the US.
    • It has inspired other rebellions.

    Constitution—Bill of Rights (1A)

    • The Constitution establishes the laws and principles of the US.
    • The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
    • The Bill of Rights protects citizens from excessive government power.
    • Specific rights include freedom of speech, religion, press, bear arms, refuse quartering soldiers, freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures, rights for accused, fair trial, jury trial, no cruel and unusual punishment, rights not listed in constitution, rights the federal government doesn't have belong to the states.

    Sherman Anti-Trust Act (15B)

    • The act aimed to break up trusts and monopolies.
    • Trusts concentrated economic power in the hands of a few.
    • It outlawed combinations that restrained trade or commerce.

    Smoot-Hawley Tariff (16B)

    • Raised US import duties.
    • Intended to protect American industries and farmers.

    Open Door Policy (15C)

    • Maintained open access to Chinese markets for the US.

    Espionage and Sedition Acts (18B)

    • Criminalized conveying information harmful to the war effort.
    • Punished speech critical of the US government or military.
    • Targeted socialists, pacifists, and other anti-war activists.

    Industrialization (Gilded Age) (2B)

    • Rapid technological advancements.
    • Cities grew as people moved for jobs.
    • A mixture of wealth and poverty characterized this period.

    Progressive Era (2B)

    • Reforms attempted to fix problems from the Gilded Age.
    • Legislation aimed to empower the common citizen and curb corruption.

    1920s (2B)

    • Post-WWI period; economic boom and consumer spending.
    • Rise of new technologies like the radio.
    • Cultural tension between traditional and modern values.
    • Prohibition caused a conflict between social norms.

    1930s (2B)

    • Marked by the Great Depression.
    • The stock market crash led to widespread unemployment.
    • Businesses closed; people lost savings.
    • FDR's New Deal expanded the federal government's role.
    • Farmers faced crop damage due to the Dust Bowl.

    17th and 19th Amendments (22A)

    • 17th Amendment: Direct election of senators.
    • 19th Amendment: Women's suffrage (right to vote).
    • Both increased political power of the people.

    Westward Expansion (13A)

    • Factors included cheap land availability, religious freedom, opportunities, and the belief in Manifest Destiny.
    • The Transcontinental Railroad connected East and West.
    • The Homestead Act provided land for settlers.
    • Conflicts arose over land claims with Native Americans and ranchers.

    Political Machines (3A)

    • Positive impact: Provided jobs and services to immigrants.
    • Negative impact: Corrupt practices, undermining democracy.

    Urbanization and Industrialization (13A)

    • Industrialization spurred urban growth.
    • Industrialization created numerous job opportunities.
    • Cities faced housing shortages as populations grew.
    • Increased immigration was related to the opportunities created by industrialization.

    Industrialization's Impact (3C, 25C)

    • Immigrants found jobs but faced long hours, dangerous conditions, and often tenement housing.
    • Women and children entered the workforce due to economic need.

    Populist and Progressive Reforms (3A, 5A)

    • Examples included the Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, the Department of Labor, secret ballot, 17th amendment.

    Granger Laws (5A)

    • State laws regulating fees charged by grain elevators and railroads.

    Interstate Commerce Act (5A)

    • Regulated railroads to address monopolies.

    Agriculture Adjustment Act (5A)

    • Provided subsidies to farmers to reduce crop production.

    Growth of Labor Unions (3B)

    • Limited protections and rights pushed workers to organize.
    • Labor unions fought for improved working conditions, wages, and hours.

    Reformers (3C, 5B)

    • Jane Addams: Social worker; Hull House assistance for immigrants.
    • Sinclair: Muckraker who exposed meatpacking industry.
    • Riis: Photographer/journalist; exposed urban poverty.
    • Anthony: Advocate for women's suffrage.
    • Wells: Anti-lynching activist and suffragist.
    • DuBois: Civil rights activist; helped found the NAACP.

    Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Department of Labor, Square Deal (5A)

    • Meat Inspection Act: Ensured livestock was fit for human consumption.
    • Pure Food and Drug Act: Regulated food and drug safety.
    • Department of Labor: Protected workers' rights.
    • Square Deal: Worked to protect consumers, control big business and conservation resources.

    Spanish-American War (4A)

    • Causes: Protecting economic interests, establishing dominance, reacting to USS Maine.
    • Effects: Acquisition of territories (Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam).
    • Economic impacts: Costs of the war; securing new resources; establishing Pacific coal refueling stations impacted trade and the US's global standing.

    US Acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii (4A)

    • Alaska: Purchased from Russia in 1867.
    • Hawaii: American landowners overthrew the monarchy.

    US Entry into WWI (4C)

    • Causes: Sussex Pledge, alliance with Great Britain, Lusitania sinking, Zimmerman Telegram, unrestricted submarine warfare.

    WWI Warfare Innovations (4E)

    • Innovations such as new weapons, and the use of technology changed modern warfare and overcame trench warfare.

    American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) (4D)

    • American soldiers led by General Pershing in WWI.
    • Contributed to breaking the stalemate and winning the war.

    Great Migration (13A)

    • Black Americans moved from the Jim Crow South to Northern cities.
    • Push factors: Discrimination, racial violence.
    • Pull factors: Job opportunities, less discrimination.

    Harlem Renaissance (24A)

    • Artistic and cultural flowering of African Americans.
    • Key figures: Locke, Du Bois, Garvey, McKay, Hughes, Hurston, Robeson, Ellington, Baker, Douglas.

    Changing Role of Women (6A)

    • Women gained jobs during WWI, increasing their social and economic independence.
    • After WWI, women faced push to return to traditional roles.
    • Flappers represented a rejection of traditional roles.

    Treaty of Versailles (4F)

    • Arguments for ratification: Wilson's Fourteen Points (League of Nations), world peace.
    • Arguments against ratification: Fear of US involvement in international conflicts; desire to avoid entanglement in foreign affairs.

    Conflicts' Impact on US Economy (15D)

    • Spanish-American War: Costs, territorial gains.
    • World War I: Manufacturing boom, economic benefit (at first), increased tension & post war recession impacting international trade and investments.

    Booker T. Washington (3A)

    • Advocate for education and vocational training for African Americans.
    • Established Tuskegee University.

    John J. Pershing (4D)

    • Led the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in WWI.

    Klondike Gold Rush and Dust Bowl (12A)

    • Gold Rush: Pulled prospectors to Alaska, increasing settlement.
    • Dust Bowl: Forced migration of "Okies" to California.

    Great Depression (16B, 16C)

    • Causes: Overproduction, stock speculation, bank failures, high tariffs, decreased international trade
    • Effects: Widespread unemployment, loss of savings, business closures.
    • FDR's New Deal, which altered the role of the government and provided temporary relief, recovery, and longterm financial reforms.

    New Deal's Impact on Executive Branch (16C, 19B)

    • Expanded federal government's role, creating new agencies and regulations.
    • Some criticized the increased power of the executive branch.

    New Deal Agencies (16E, 18A)

    • WPA: Provided jobs on public works projects.
    • TVA: Provided electricity to rural areas.
    • FDIC: Ensured bank safety.
    • SEC: Regulated financial markets.
    • SSA: Provided income for retirees.
    • FHA: Protected lenders from mortgage losses.

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    Description

    This quiz explores significant concepts and events in U.S. history, including legislation, social movements, and historical figures. Test your knowledge on topics such as isolationism, Social Darwinism, and the Prohibition amendment. Ideal for students seeking to understand the complexities of American history.

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