US History Quiz: Capitalism and Social Movements
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Questions and Answers

What is a patent?

  • A right granted to an inventor by the government (correct)
  • An agreement between companies to fix prices
  • A regulation on international trade
  • A type of economic system controlled by community ownership

What is the primary characteristic of capitalism?

  • Profit-driven private ownership (correct)
  • Community ownership of production
  • Focus on social welfare programs
  • Government control of trade and industry

What does it mean for the government to be Laissez-faire?

  • The government invests heavily in industry
  • The government actively regulates business
  • The government imposes strict taxes on businesses
  • The government is hands-off regarding business affairs (correct)

How does Horizontal Integration differ from Vertical Integration?

<p>Horizontal involves merging companies at the same stage of production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monopoly?

<p>Complete control over an industry's production and pricing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of forming unions by workers?

<p>To collectively bargain for better working conditions and rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Nativism?

<p>Discrimination against immigrants in favor of native-born individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Urbanization?

<p>The growth and expansion of cities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace called?

<p>Fourteen Points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did people in the US generally feel about the Treaty of Versailles?

<p>They were mad because they had to pay for war damages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What agreement was reached at the Washington Naval Conference?

<p>The disarmament of troops and supplies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Presidents Harding and Coolidge believe would help boost the economy?

<p>Low taxes and available credit for businesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an installment plan?

<p>Paying for goods over an extended period with interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does True Communism theoretically support?

<p>No government or social classes, communal control of industry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Red Scare have on immigrants and unions?

<p>It instigated fears of communism among the public. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Harlem Renaissance?

<p>An artistic movement expressing pride in African-American culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Legislative branch of the U.S. government do?

<p>Make laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

<p>It freed slaves in 1863 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two companies were responsible for building the Transcontinental Railroad?

<p>Union Pacific and Central Pacific (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Homestead Act provide to citizens?

<p>160 acres of land to head of households (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main idea behind the doctrine of Manifest Destiny?

<p>A divine obligation to expand to the Pacific Ocean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation for the United States to expand its territories during the late 19th century?

<p>To capitalize on overproduction and find new markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which territory was NOT obtained by the United States following the Spanish-American War?

<p>Hawaii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the U.S. involvement in World War I regarding public opinion?

<p>Negative impact on immigrant communities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the U.S. declaration of war against Spain in 1898?

<p>The sinking of the USS Maine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Boxer Rebellion?

<p>An uprising in China aimed at expelling foreigners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did farmers respond to the decline in grain prices during the Great Depression?

<p>They boosted production to sell more, causing prices to drop further. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major factor that contributed to the Stock Market Crash?

<p>Investors began selling shares rapidly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the five main causes of the Great Depression?

<p>Global conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Dust Bowl?

<p>Mass migration of people from affected areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Hoover's belief regarding government intervention during the economic crisis?

<p>People should be encouraged to help themselves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Roosevelt's Fireside Chats?

<p>To explain New Deal measures to the public. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Civilian Conservation Corps?

<p>Environmental conservation and public works. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's ruling on many of FDR's policies?

<p>They were deemed unconstitutional. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Social Gospel Movement?

<p>To help the poor through religious services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Political Machines?

<p>To control city politics through organized groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Plessy v. Ferguson court case establish?

<p>Segregation was upheld as legal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did W.E.B. DuBois’s approach to racial equality differ from Booker T. Washington's?

<p>DuBois advocated for immediate equality, while Washington favored gradual progress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal?

<p>Conservation, corporate reform, and consumer protection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act?

<p>To prevent false advertising in food and medicine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the beliefs of the Bull Moose Party?

<p>Encouragement of voter participation and women's suffrage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Reserve System?

<p>The FTC investigates unfair business practices, while the Fed regulates the banking system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a patent?

Exclusive right granted by the government to an inventor, prohibiting others from making, using, or selling their invention.

What is the difference between Capitalism and Socialism?

A system where private individuals control industries for profit, while Socialism is an economic system where production is regulated by the community or government.

What does it mean if the government is Laissez-faire?

A government policy where the government limits its intervention in the economy, allowing businesses to operate freely.

What is Social Darwinism?

A theory that the strongest individuals or groups prevail in society, often used to justify inequality and social hierarchy.

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What is Horizontal Integration?

Companies merging at the same production stage.

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What is Vertical Integration?

Companies controlling multiple stages of production for a product.

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What is a monopoly?

Complete control over an industry's production, wages, and prices.

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What did workers start forming to try and fight for their rights?

Organizations formed by workers to fight for better wages, working conditions, and rights.

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What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that the United States had a divine right to expand its territory westward to the Pacific Ocean.

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What is Laissez-faire?

A policy where the government takes a hands-off approach to the economy, allowing businesses to operate freely.

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What is the Bessemer Process?

The process of quickly and cheaply manufacturing steel by blasting hot air through melted iron to remove impurities.

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What is imperialism?

A policy where a powerful nation exerts control over weaker nations in areas like economics, politics, or military.

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Why did the US turn to imperialism?

The US was producing more goods than its own people could buy, leading to a need for new markets and resources from other countries.

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What caused the Spanish-American War?

An event where a US battleship exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba, triggering the Spanish-American War.

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What territories did the US gain from Spain?

The US gained control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as a result of its victory in the Spanish-American War.

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What was the Boxer Rebellion?

An uprising of Chinese citizens against foreign influence in China, particularly against Western powers.

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What were the Fourteen Points?

Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after WWI, proposing fourteen points to achieve lasting peace, including the creation of the League of Nations.

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What was the League of Nations?

An international organization established by the Treaty of Versailles following WWI. Its purpose was to maintain global peace by resolving disputes and promoting cooperation between nations.

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What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The international agreement that officially ended WWI. It was signed between the Allied powers and Germany, imposing harsh penalties on Germany, including heavy war reparations and territorial losses.

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What is an installment plan?

A system where consumers buy goods over an extended period with interest payments. This emerged in the 1920s and made it easier for people to purchase expensive items.

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What was the Red Scare?

A period of intense fear of communism in the US after WWI. This was fueled by concerns about labor strikes and revolutionary movements.

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What is Fundamentalism?

A movement that emphasizes a literal interpretation of the Bible, rejecting scientific theories, such as evolution. This was a major cultural conflict in the 1920s.

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What was a Flapper?

A young woman in the 1920s who defied traditional societal norms by adopting short hair, smoking, drinking, and challenging expectations of women's behavior.

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What was the Social Gospel Movement?

A movement that used religious services to help the poor.

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What are Political Machines?

Organized groups that controlled city politics.

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What is patronage and graft?

The illegal use of government jobs for political gain.

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What was the Progressive Movement?

A political movement aiming to reform society and politics.

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What were segregation laws?

Laws enforcing separate facilities for different races in public areas.

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What is suffrage?

The right to vote.

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What was Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal?

Theodore Roosevelt's progressive reform platform focused on conservation, corporate reform, and consumer protection.

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Why was the Pure Food and Drug Act created?

A law that addressed false advertising of food and medicine.

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What was the Great Depression?

A period of severe economic decline characterized by widespread unemployment, poverty, and business failures. The Great Depression hit the world in the 1930s.

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What caused the Dust Bowl?

Overproduction of crops led to plummeting prices and a decline in farm income. This, combined with drought and windstorms, resulted in soil erosion and dust storms. Many farmers lost their land and were forced to migrate.

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What was Hoover's approach to the economic crisis?

President Hoover believed in limited government intervention in the economy. He favored a hands-off approach, encouraging individuals to rely on their own resources.

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Who were the Bonus Army?

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington D.C. demanding early payment of their promised bonuses. They were violently dispersed by the government, highlighting the struggles faced by many Americans during the Great Depression.

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What was the New Deal?

President Roosevelt's ambitious program aimed at providing relief to the unemployed and impoverished, stimulating economic recovery, and enacting financial reforms to prevent future economic crises. This included various programs like the CCC, WPA, and Social Security.

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What were Roosevelt's Fireside Chats?

Roosevelt used radio broadcasts to directly address the nation, explaining the New Deal measures and building public confidence during the difficult times. They helped to connect with the American people and build support for his policies.

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What did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) do?

The agency built bridges, roads, parks and other public works projects, providing employment opportunities during the Great Depression.

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What did the New Deal do to help farmers?

The New Deal legislation aimed at helping farmers by providing loans for land purchase, promoting soil conservation, and rewarding them for reduced production. This aimed to stabilize agricultural markets and support farming families.

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Study Notes

Unit 1 - Early US History Review

  • What do each of the three branches of government do?
  • Legislative - make laws
  • Executive - enforce laws
  • Judicial - interprets laws
  • What was the main idea of the Monroe Doctrine?
  • The US would not interfere in the international affairs of the European nations, and European nations would not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
  • What were the two sides of the Civil War, what was each fighting for, and who were their military leaders?
  • Union - more industrial, fighting to preserve the Union
  • Confederacy - more agricultural, fighting for their independence
  • What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
  • Freed slaves in 1863

Unit 2 - Western Expansion

  • What is Manifest Destiny?

  • Belief that America had a divine obligation to stretch their boundaries to the Pacific Ocean

  • What is Forced Assimilation?

  • Giving up one's culture to conform to dominant culture

  • What was Seward's Folly?

  • US purchased Alaska from Russia

  • What was the open range system?

  • American settlers learned to manage herds from Mexican vaqueros

  • What did the Pacific Railway Act do, and what two companies built the Transcontinental Railroad?

  • Government gave thousands of acres of lands to the railroad companies.

  • Union Pacific & Central Pacific

  • What did the Homestead Act do?

  • Gave 160 acres to any citizen who qualified

  • What caused the creation of the Populist party, and what did the Populist party stand for?

  • Farmers' alliances realized they needed more political power to address the economic hardships they were facing.

Unit 3 - Industrialization

  • What is the Bessemer Process and why was it important?
  • A way to manufacture steel quickly, cheaply, and more durable and flexible.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in US history, focusing on capitalism, labor movements, and significant historical events. This quiz covers important topics such as laissez-faire government, monopoly, and the Harlem Renaissance. Explore the ideas and events that shaped modern America.

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