Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding John Quincy Adams' presidency?
Which of the following statements is true regarding John Quincy Adams' presidency?
Andrew Jackson supported the idea of a national bank.
Andrew Jackson supported the idea of a national bank.
False
What was the primary purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
What was the primary purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
To declare that the US would not interfere in the affairs of European nations.
The __________ Act forced Native Americans to move to new lands.
The __________ Act forced Native Americans to move to new lands.
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Match the following historical figures with their roles:
Match the following historical figures with their roles:
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What was the result of Gibbons v Ogden?
What was the result of Gibbons v Ogden?
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The Tariff of Abominations was well-received by the Southern states.
The Tariff of Abominations was well-received by the Southern states.
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What action did Andrew Jackson take regarding the federal bank during his presidency?
What action did Andrew Jackson take regarding the federal bank during his presidency?
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What was the purpose of the protective tariff?
What was the purpose of the protective tariff?
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Washington actively supported France during the French Revolution.
Washington actively supported France during the French Revolution.
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What major event was sparked by taxes on whiskey?
What major event was sparked by taxes on whiskey?
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The __________ Proclamation stated that America would remain neutral during the war between France and Britain.
The __________ Proclamation stated that America would remain neutral during the war between France and Britain.
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Match the following leaders with their political beliefs:
Match the following leaders with their political beliefs:
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Which treaty settled disputes between Britain and America during Washington's presidency?
Which treaty settled disputes between Britain and America during Washington's presidency?
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The Federalist Party grew stronger during Jefferson's presidency.
The Federalist Party grew stronger during Jefferson's presidency.
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What was the significant outcome of the War of 1812 for the Federalist Party?
What was the significant outcome of the War of 1812 for the Federalist Party?
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Jefferson authorized military action against the __________ States due to economic pressures.
Jefferson authorized military action against the __________ States due to economic pressures.
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Match the following events with their corresponding leaders:
Match the following events with their corresponding leaders:
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Who became President when Jefferson and Burr tied at 73 electoral votes?
Who became President when Jefferson and Burr tied at 73 electoral votes?
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The Louisiana Purchase was made for $15 million.
The Louisiana Purchase was made for $15 million.
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What document imposed a ban on trade with all nations during Jefferson's presidency?
What document imposed a ban on trade with all nations during Jefferson's presidency?
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The __________ Act restricted trade specifically with France and Britain only.
The __________ Act restricted trade specifically with France and Britain only.
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What was the primary reason for the failure of the Articles of Confederation?
What was the primary reason for the failure of the Articles of Confederation?
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The Great Compromise established a unicameral legislature.
The Great Compromise established a unicameral legislature.
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What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
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The ____ Compromise counted ⅗ of slaves in a state for population purposes.
The ____ Compromise counted ⅗ of slaves in a state for population purposes.
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Which of the following principles states that the government is bound by the law?
Which of the following principles states that the government is bound by the law?
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A candidate needs a majority of 270 electoral votes to win the presidency.
A candidate needs a majority of 270 electoral votes to win the presidency.
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Who was the first Chief Justice of the United States?
Who was the first Chief Justice of the United States?
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The legislative branch is responsible for making ____.
The legislative branch is responsible for making ____.
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Match the following branches of government with their main responsibilities.
Match the following branches of government with their main responsibilities.
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Which amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
Which amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?
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The President can serve an unlimited number of terms in office.
The President can serve an unlimited number of terms in office.
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What must occur for an amendment to be ratified?
What must occur for an amendment to be ratified?
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The total number of Electoral College votes is ____.
The total number of Electoral College votes is ____.
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Which two departments were created by the first Congress under the Constitution?
Which two departments were created by the first Congress under the Constitution?
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Federalism allows states to have certain powers while the federal government holds others.
Federalism allows states to have certain powers while the federal government holds others.
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Study Notes
Articles of Confederation
- Loose alliance of 13 states
- Required 9/13 states' approval for laws
- Weak central government; Congress lacked power
- No court to resolve interstate disputes
- Economic problems led to unrest and a convention to revise the Articles
The Building of the Constitution
- Virginia Plan: Strong national government with three branches; representation based on population
- New Jersey Plan: Three branches; each state has one vote
- Great Compromise: Two-house legislature; lower house based on population, upper house with two senators per state
- Three-Fifths Compromise: ⅗ of enslaved people counted toward population
- Habeas Corpus: Protection against imprisonment without charge
Constitution
-
Bill of Rights: 10 amendments guaranteeing natural rights
- 1st Amendment: Freedom of expression
- 2nd Amendment: Right to bear arms
- 3rd Amendment: Anti-quartering
- 4th Amendment: Protection against searches and seizures
- 5th Amendment: Protection of the accused
- 6th Amendment: Criminal proceedings
- 7th Amendment: Civil trials
- 8th Amendment: Bail and punishment
- 9th Amendment: Unenumerated rights
- 10th Amendment: States' rights
-
Principles of the Constitution:
- Popular Sovereignty: People grant government power
- Limited Government: Government and governed follow laws
- Separation of Powers: Three branches with distinct powers
- Checks and Balances: Branches check each other's power
- Federalism: Division of powers between federal and state governments
- Republicanism: Citizens vote for representatives
- Individual Rights: Basic human rights protected by the government
Government
-
Electoral College: Elects the President
- First Monday after second Wednesday in December
- Chosen by political parties, who are voted in by the people
- Needs 270 electoral votes to win
- House of Representatives chooses from top three if no majority
-
Legislative Branch (Makes Laws):
-
House of Representatives:
- 25 years old
- US citizen for 7 years
- Resident of represented state
- Initiates tax bills
- Sole power of impeachment
-
Senate:
- 30 years old
- US citizen for 9 years
- Resident of represented state
- President of Senate is the Vice President
- Trials for impeachments
- Approves treaties and presidential appointments
-
Powers of both Houses:
- Propose and pass laws
- Override vetoes
- Regulate commerce
- Raise money/borrow
- Declare war
- Create an army/navy
- Create courts inferior to Supreme Court
-
Powers both Houses cannot exercise:
- Suspend Habeas Corpus
- Pass Bill of Attainder
- Pass Ex Post Facto law
- Tax exports
- Spend money without a law
- Grant titles of nobility
-
House of Representatives:
-
Executive Branch (Enforces Laws):
-
President:
- 35 years old, native-born citizen, 14 years in US
- Limits to two, 4-year terms
- Veto bills
- Make treaties
- Appoint judges
- Call special sessions of Congress
- Recommend bills to Congress
-
President:
-
Judicial Branch (Interprets Laws):
-
Supreme Court:
- Appointed by President, approved by Senate
- Lifetime appointment or good behavior
- 9 members (1 Chief Justice, 8 Associate Justices)
- Lower and intermediate level courts
- District Courts
- Courts of Appeal
-
Supreme Court:
-
Checks and Balances: Each branch can limit the power of other branches
Amendments
- Proposed by ⅔ of both Houses
- Proposed by national convention called by Congress (⅔ of states request)
- Ratified by ¾ of states, via state conventions or state legislatures
Early Republic (1789-1825)
- First US government under the Constitution
- Washington's decision not to run for a third term set a precedent
- First Congress created 5 executive departments
- Washington's cabinet included notable figures (Jefferson, Hamilton, Jay)
- Judiciary Act established the Supreme Court's structure and lower courts
Alexander Hamilton's Plan
- Pay off national debt through taxes (tariffs) and bonds
- Assumed (took on) states' debts, causing conflict with states that had already paid off their debts
- Compromise: new national capital located in the South (Washington D.C.)
- Creation of the first US bank
Tariffs and Taxes
- Protective tariffs made foreign goods more expensive than domestic goods
- Southerners disliked higher tariffs because they bought many imported goods
- Whiskey Tax led to the Whiskey Rebellion
French Revolution
- France's revolution mirrored America's
- America helped France in the past; revolution divided Americans
- Neutrality Proclamation: US would not side with any nation
- Jay's Treaty settled disputes with Britain
Two-Party System
- Washington opposed political parties, initially unifying people
- Two parties, Federalists (Hamilton) and Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson), emerged after he left office
- Jefferson supported France and state power; Hamilton supported Britain and a strong central government
Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
- France attacked American ships over Jay's Treaty
- XYZ Affair: French agents demanded bribes before negotiations
- Adams strengthened the navy to deter French attacks
- Adams kept the US out of war with France
President Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
- Jefferson's presidency characterized by reduced national government power
- Electoral College tie led to House of Representatives electing Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
- Spain's control of New Orleans threatened American trade
- France sold all of the Louisiana territory to the US
- US paid $15 million and acquired a significant territory
Jefferson's Foreign Affairs
- Barbary States demanded tribute; Jefferson refused; authorized military action
- Impressment of US sailors by Britain; led to Embargo and Non-Intercourse Acts
President James Madison
- Treaty of Greenville: Native Americans ceded land in exchange for payments and promises
- Tecumseh and the Prophet led resistance; Prophet's Town was destroyed
- War of 1812 was fought with Britain due to various issues like impressment and trade
President James Monroe
- Era of Good Feelings: National unity and no opposing parties
- Nationalism vs. Sectionalism: loyalty to nation vs. loyalty to state
- Monroe Doctrine declared US would not interfere in European affairs
President John Quincy Adams
- Jackson won the popular vote, but electoral college resulted in a tie
- Corrupt Bargain controversy: Adams's election due to a deal with Henry Clay
- Faced opposition from Congress
President Andrew Jackson
- Spoils System: Replaced government officials with supporters
- Nullification Crisis: South Carolina challenged a federal tariff
- Bank War: Jackson vetoed the national bank's recharter
- Indian Removal Act: Forced relocation of Native American tribes
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Description
Test your knowledge of significant events and figures during the presidencies of John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. Explore important topics such as the Monroe Doctrine, the Tariff of Abominations, and key Supreme Court cases. Determine your understanding of these crucial aspects of American history.
