Questions and Answers
What did Munn v Illinois grant the government?
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Steel magnate and philanthropist
What is the Bessemer Process?
Improved steel making procedure
What does Social Darwinism promote?
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What is horizontal integration?
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What was the major scandal involving Credit Mobilier?
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Who invented the telephone?
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Who was the president of the AFL?
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What did George M. Pullman manufacture?
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What did the Sherman Anti-trust Act make illegal?
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Where was the transcontinental railroad completed?
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Who became the head of the Standard Oil Company?
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Who influenced the entry of women into the workforce with his invention?
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Who invented the light bulb?
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What did the Interstate Commerce Act create?
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What is vertical integration?
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Who invented the steam engine oil drill?
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What is the American Federation of Labor?
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Who organized an industrial union around 1894?
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What labor organization was formed for unskilled workers in 1905?
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Who was nicknamed Mother Jones?
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What is a labor union?
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Study Notes
Key Historical Concepts
- Munn v Illinois: Landmark case that established the government's authority to regulate railroad rates and practices.
- Social Darwinism: Ideology suggesting that businesses thrive through competition, aligning with the concept of "survival of the fittest."
Notable Figures
- Andrew Carnegie: Steel tycoon who became a leading industrialist and prominent philanthropist, known for his contributions to libraries and education.
- John D. Rockefeller: Founder of the Standard Oil Company, recognized as one of the wealthiest industrialists in history, known for monopolistic practices.
- Alexander Graham Bell: Inventor of the telephone, which revolutionized communication.
- Samuel Gompers: First president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), played a significant role in union organization.
- Eugene V. Debs: Social activist and five-time presidential candidate who led the industrial union movement, advocating for workers' rights.
Innovations and Processes
- Bessemer Process: Advanced method for producing steel, which significantly lowered costs and improved quality.
- Thomas Alva Edison: Inventor responsible for developing the electric light bulb and numerous other innovations.
- Edwin L. Drake: Developed the steam engine oil drill, marking a significant advancement in oil extraction technology.
- Christopher Sholes: Inventor of the typewriter, which facilitated the entry of women into the workforce.
Industrial Organizations and Acts
- Interstate Commerce Act: Legislation that established the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad rates and practices, affirming federal control.
- Sherman Anti-trust Act: Legislation aimed at curbing monopolistic practices by prohibiting business arrangements that restrict competition.
- American Federation of Labor: A coalition of various trade and craft unions, founded in 1886, advocating for the rights and interests of skilled workers.
- Industrial Workers of the World: A radical labor organization established in 1905, focused on unskilled worker solidarity.
Business Strategies
- Horizontal Integration: Business strategy that involves the merging of similar companies to enhance market control and reduce competition.
- Vertical Integration: Strategy where a company controls its supply chain, including suppliers and distributors, to streamline production and reduce costs.
Labor Movements and Influential Figures
- Mary Harris Jones: Also known as Mother Jones, she was a key figure in the labor movement, advocating for workers’ rights, particularly for women and children.
- George M. Pullman: Creator of the Pullman sleeping car and builder of a company town designed for his railroad workers, emphasizing labor regulation and employee welfare.
Scandals and Controversies
- Credit Mobilier: A significant scandal involving the Union Pacific Railroad, characterized by fraudulent contracts and high-level corruption.
Transportation Developments
- Transcontinental Railroad: The railway completed in Promontory, Utah, connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines, marking a major achievement in American transportation history.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms and concepts from Chapter 6 of U.S. History. This quiz focuses on important figures and events that shaped the industrial era, including the regulation of railroads and the rise of influential business leaders. Prepare to explore vocabulary that is essential for understanding this transformative period in American history.
