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Questions and Answers
What are cost-plus contracts?
What are cost-plus contracts?
- Payments for government projects
- Agreements to pay companies based on revenues
- Contracts without oversight
- Government agrees to pay whatever it costs to make a product plus a guaranteed percentage of the costs as profit (correct)
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
An African American unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron, that played an important role during the Battle of Anzio.
What does GIs stand for?
What does GIs stand for?
Government Issues
What was the Women's Army Corps?
What was the Women's Army Corps?
What is a Liberty ship?
What is a Liberty ship?
What did 'Double V' refer to?
What did 'Double V' refer to?
What type of equipment was the automobile industry mass-producing for the military?
What type of equipment was the automobile industry mass-producing for the military?
What was introduced after France surrendered to Germany in June 1940?
What was introduced after France surrendered to Germany in June 1940?
During WW2, women were enlisted for combat roles.
During WW2, women were enlisted for combat roles.
What was the purpose of the Office of War Mobilization established in 1943?
What was the purpose of the Office of War Mobilization established in 1943?
What was the convoy system?
What was the convoy system?
What was the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?
What was the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?
What was the Battle of Midway?
What was the Battle of Midway?
What was the Bataan Death March?
What was the Bataan Death March?
What were B-25 bombers used for?
What were B-25 bombers used for?
Which country took pressure off the Soviet Union by opening a second front?
Which country took pressure off the Soviet Union by opening a second front?
Who commanded the American invasion of North Africa?
Who commanded the American invasion of North Africa?
What did decoded Japanese messages alert the U.S. about in June 1942?
What did decoded Japanese messages alert the U.S. about in June 1942?
What technology helped the Allies gain an advantage during the Battle of the Atlantic?
What technology helped the Allies gain an advantage during the Battle of the Atlantic?
What was the Fair Employment Practices Commission?
What was the Fair Employment Practices Commission?
What were victory gardens used for?
What were victory gardens used for?
What did the Japanese American Citizens League do?
What did the Japanese American Citizens League do?
What was the purpose of the Office of Price Administration?
What was the purpose of the Office of Price Administration?
'Rosie the Riveter' is a symbol of what?
'Rosie the Riveter' is a symbol of what?
What was a 'victory suit'?
What was a 'victory suit'?
Why did the Office of Price Administration begin rationing?
Why did the Office of Price Administration begin rationing?
What was the Bracero Program?
What was the Bracero Program?
What were internment camps?
What were internment camps?
What does the term the Sunbelt refer to?
What does the term the Sunbelt refer to?
What is a DUKW?
What is a DUKW?
What were kamikaze attacks?
What were kamikaze attacks?
What is an amphtrac?
What is an amphtrac?
What was Operation Overload?
What was Operation Overload?
What does D-Day refer to?
What does D-Day refer to?
What does Anzio refer to?
What does Anzio refer to?
What part of America’s plan for defeating Japan involved recapturing the Philippines?
What part of America’s plan for defeating Japan involved recapturing the Philippines?
What resulted from the bombing campaign against Germany?
What resulted from the bombing campaign against Germany?
What happened on June 6, 1944?
What happened on June 6, 1944?
Where did General MacArthur's campaign in the southwest Pacific begin?
Where did General MacArthur's campaign in the southwest Pacific begin?
What was the Manhattan Project?
What was the Manhattan Project?
Where did the International Military Tribunal try German leaders for war crimes?
Where did the International Military Tribunal try German leaders for war crimes?
What are hedgerows?
What are hedgerows?
What is V-E Day?
What is V-E Day?
What is 'Little Boy'?
What is 'Little Boy'?
What was established in 1944 to discuss a new international organization?
What was established in 1944 to discuss a new international organization?
Where was the Germans' goal in the Battle of the Bulge?
Where was the Germans' goal in the Battle of the Bulge?
Where did American military planners choose to invade to prepare for an invasion of Japan?
Where did American military planners choose to invade to prepare for an invasion of Japan?
What does V-J Day refer to?
What does V-J Day refer to?
Where did American military planners decide to invade so B-29s could be refueled?
Where did American military planners decide to invade so B-29s could be refueled?
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Study Notes
Key Military Concepts and Entities
- Cost-plus contracts: Governments cover production costs plus profit, incentivizing efficient manufacturing.
- Tuskegee Airmen: Notable African American aviation unit in WW2, played a crucial role in the Battle of Anzio.
- GIs: Nickname for American soldiers, derived from "Government Issue" labels on their gear.
- Women's Army Corps: Established as the first regular Army corps dedicated exclusively to women.
- Liberty Ship: Standard cargo vessel used during WW2 to support war logistics.
Social Movements and Impact
- "Double V" Campaign: Advocated by the Pittsburgh Courier to combat racism both abroad and domestically, urging African Americans to join the war effort for dual victory.
- Fair Employment Practices Commission: First federal civil rights agency since Reconstruction, aimed at addressing discrimination in wartime employment.
- Victory Gardens: Homegrown gardens established to increase food production and support war efforts.
- Japanese American Citizens League: Worked to aid Japanese Americans who lost property due to wartime relocation.
Military Strategies and Developments
- Selective Service and Training Act: Introduced after France's fall in 1940, aimed at drafting military personnel.
- Convoy system: Strategy where cargo ships traveled in groups with naval escorts, enhancing safety against enemy attacks.
- B-25 bombers: Long-range bombers used in the first American air raid on Japan on April 18, 1942.
- Operation Overlord: Code name for the extensive Allied invasion of France on D-Day.
- Kamikaze attacks: Japanese tactic where pilots intentionally crashed planes into enemy ships.
Major Battles and Events
- Battle of Stalingrad: Significant turning point that shifted the war momentum against Germany.
- Battle of Midway: Landmark battle that halted Japanese advancement in the Pacific theater.
- Bataan Death March: Forced march of 78,000 POWs over 65 miles to a Japanese camp, emblematic of wartime brutality.
- Normandy Invasion: Huge Allied offensive on June 6, 1944, involving approximately 100,000 troops crossing the English Channel.
Technological and Economic Aspects
- Office of War Mobilization: Established in 1943 to streamline production efforts during the war by mediating agency disputes.
- Oil shortage: Devastating bombing campaigns led to a critical reduction in German oil supply, affecting their military capabilities.
- Manhattan Project: Secret U.S. initiative to develop the atomic bomb, culminating in its use against Japan.
Aftermath and Historical Significance
- Nuremberg Trials: Post-war tribunals held to prosecute German leaders for war crimes, establishing precedents in international law.
- V-E Day: Celebrated on May 8, 1945, marking Germany's unconditional surrender.
- V-J Day: August 15, 1945, when Japan surrendered following bombings and intensified global pressure.
- United Nations Formation: Initiated in 1944, aimed at fostering international cooperation to prevent future conflicts.
Geographical and Logistical Notes
- Guadalcanal: Site of one of the first major campaigns in the Pacific, marking the beginning of a prolonged campaign against Japan.
- Antwerp, Belgium: Strategic port targeted in the Battle of the Bulge to disrupt Allied supply lines.
- Iwo Jima: Key island for refueling B-29 bombers, pivotal in the U.S. strategy for the Pacific campaign.
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