US History Chapter 3 Test Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What effects did the Navigation Acts have on both Britain and its colonies?

Made money for both.

Why did England take action against Massachusetts?

Colonists were smuggling goods.

How did the colonies and Great Britain benefit from the policy of salutary neglect?

GB: cash kept coming without spending time supervising and working; Colonies: got wealthy and became more self-sufficient, got used to governing themselves.

How did the geography of the south contribute to the self-sufficiency of Southern plantations?

Good soil and big, wide rivers. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how colonial standards of living rose so dramatically in the 18th century.

Large growth in the colonies, healthier living conditions, and increased tobacco exports. Signup and view all the answers

What roles did women play in the Southern households?

Mistresses who helped run plantations but were ultimately submissive to their husbands. Signup and view all the answers

Why were slaves used?

Native American laborers died or ran off, indentured servants were insufficient, slaves were a good investment, and colonists felt superior to blacks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Triangular Trade?

The transatlantic trading system exchanging goods and people between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and North America. Signup and view all the answers

Why weren't slave owners punished if they killed their slaves?

Because slaves were considered property. Signup and view all the answers

What type of industries developed in the north?

Grinding wheat, iron, lumber, fish, ships, and fur. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Salem Witchcraft Equation?

Strict limitations on women, social tensions, fears of Native Americans, religious fanaticism = accusations of witchcraft. Signup and view all the answers

How was the French colony in North America unlike the British colonies?

Less populated, fewer cities, better relationships with Indians. Signup and view all the answers

What is mercantilism?

A country's goal was self-sufficiency, competing for gold and silver. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Navigation Acts?

A series of laws restricting colonial trade. Signup and view all the answers

What is salutary neglect?

England relaxed enforcement of regulations in return for colonists' economic loyalty. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Middle Passage?

The voyage that brought Africans to the West Indies and North America. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Awakening?

A religious revival in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. Signup and view all the answers

What was the French and Indian War?

Conflict between French and Indians against the British for global dominance. Signup and view all the answers

How many sides did Indians fight on in the French and Indian War?

Two. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

Made land west of the Appalachian Mountains off-limits to colonists. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sugar Act?

Placed taxes on foreign sugar and certain luxuries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Glorious Revolution?

The transfer of British monarchy from James II to William and Mary. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A slave rebellion in 1739 that resulted in violence and executions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cash crop?

A crop grown for sale rather than personal use, like tobacco and cotton. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pontiac?

An Indian leader that led Native Americans to capture British forts. Signup and view all the answers

Who helped the British?

The Iroquois. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Navigation Acts generated revenue for both Britain and its colonies through regulated trade.
Enforcement of these laws led to widespread smuggling among colonists.

England's Actions Against Massachusetts

England acted against Massachusetts due to rampant smuggling of goods by colonists.

Salutary Neglect and Its Benefits

Britain benefitted from salutary neglect as it secured economic loyalty without needing extensive oversight.
Colonies gained self-sufficiency and governance experience while accumulating wealth.

Southern Geography and Plantation Economy

The South's fertile soil enabled robust crop production, promoting self-sufficiency.
Navigable rivers facilitated transport and trade deep into southern regions.

Rising Colonial Standards of Living

Overall population growth contributed to enhanced living conditions in the 18th century.
Increased tobacco exports led to prosperity among Chesapeake farmers and merchants.

Roles of Women in Southern Households

Women managed plantations alongside their husbands, holding a degree of power yet remaining subordinate.

Use of Slavery in Colonies

Native American labor decline and reduced indentured servitude drove the need for slaves.
Slavery was viewed as a valuable investment through the lens of chattel slavery and racial superiority.

Triangular Trade

A transatlantic trading system established between Africa, England, and the Americas, involving goods and enslaved individuals.

Accountability in Slavery

Slave owners faced no repercussions for killing slaves, as they were considered property.

Industrial Development in the North

Northern colonies developed industries such as wheat processing, ironworks, lumber production, fishing, shipbuilding, and fur trading.

Salem Witchcraft Situation

Contributing factors to witchcraft accusations included strict gender roles, social class tensions, Native American fears, and religious zeal.

Differences in French and British Colonies

French colonies were less populated with fewer cities and maintained better relations with Native Americans compared to British colonies.

Mercantilism

Emphasizes self-sufficiency and competition for gold and silver among nations.

Restricted colonial trade; required goods to move on English ships and pass through English ports, causing smuggling.

Salutary Neglect Defined

England’s relaxed enforcement of regulations fostered colonial economic loyalty without imposing strict controls.

Middle Passage Experience

The Middle Passage was a brutal leg of the triangular trade, leading to inhumane conditions for transported Africans.

Enlightenment Movement

An 18th-century intellectual movement focused on reason and scientific methods as tools for knowledge acquisition.

The Great Awakening

A religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s that increased church membership among colonists and challenged established church authorities.

French and Indian War

Conflict between French forces and British colonists, with Native American alliances influencing the outcome.

Indian Engagement in French and Indian War

Native Americans participated on both French and British sides during the conflict.

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited colonial westward expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains to avoid military costs and protect settlers.

Sugar Act of 1764

Imposed taxes on foreign sugar and luxuries to raise funds for debt repayment from the Seven Years' War.

Glorious Revolution

Transition of British power from James II to William and Mary, marking a pivotal moment in constitutional monarchy.

Stono Rebellion

A 1739 uprising where enslaved individuals in South Carolina killed planters and sought refuge in Florida, leading to harsh reprisals.

Cash Crops in Colonies

Crops such as tobacco, cotton, and rice were cultivated for commercial sale, shaping economic structures around plantations instead of urban centers.

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native American leader who organized the capture of eight British forts in the Ohio River Valley in response to colonial expansion.

Iroquois Confederacy

The Iroquois allied with the British during the colonial conflicts.

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Test your knowledge on US History Chapter 3 with these flashcards. This quiz covers the impact of the Navigation Acts, England's actions against Massachusetts, and the benefits of salutary neglect for both Britain and the colonies. Ideal for students preparing for history tests!