US History Chapter 9 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Who invented the telegraph?

Samuel F.B. Morse (correct)

Cyrus McCormick

Stephen F. Austin

John Deere

What is specialization in agriculture?

Raising one or two crops for sale rather than for personal use.

Define market revolution.

Economic change where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves.

What is capitalism?

An economic system in which private businesses and individuals control production to make a profit. Signup and view all the answers

Who is an entrepreneur?

Someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a telegraph?

A device that could send messages by wire in a few seconds. Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the steel plow?

John Deere. Signup and view all the answers

What did Cyrus McCormick invent?

The mechanical reaper. Signup and view all the answers

What does Manifest Destiny refer to?

The belief that God wanted the U.S. to expand West across the continent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Fort Laramie?

A treaty signed in 1851 by the U.S. and Native Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Santa Fe Trail?

A trade route between Missouri and New Mexico. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Oregon Trail lead?

From Missouri to Oregon. Signup and view all the answers

Who started the religious group known as the Mormons?

Joseph Smith. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Brigham Young?

A Mormon leader who moved the Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah for safer living. Signup and view all the answers

What was the campaign slogan 'Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!' related to?

James Polk's call for the annexation of the Oregon territory. Signup and view all the answers

What is a land grant?

A gift of public land to an organization or an individual. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna?

President of Mexico who fought in the Texas Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Texas Revolution?

Texas' war for independence from Mexico. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred at the Alamo?

One of the most important battles in the Texas Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sam Houston?

He captured Santa Anna and was elected the 1st president of the new Republic of Texas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Republic of Texas?

An independent nation formed after Texas defeated Mexico in the Texas Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to annex?

To attach; take possession of. Signup and view all the answers

Who was James K. Polk?

The 11th United States president who wanted a war with Mexico to bring the U.S. more lands. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Zachary Taylor?

The 12th president of the United States and an American Whig general in the war with Mexico. Signup and view all the answers

What did Stephen Kearney accomplish?

He was an American general in the war with Mexico who took control of the Republic of California. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Republic of California?

A nation declared by the Americans after defeating the Mexicans. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Winfield Scott?

An American general in the War with Mexico who captured Mexico City, the capital. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A treaty signed in 1848 by the U.S. and Mexico to end the war. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Gadsden Purchase?

In 1853, the U.S. bought more land from Mexico that established the U.S.-Mexican border. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the forty-niners?

People who came to California searching for gold. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Gold Rush?

Movement of people migrating to a place where gold has been found. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inventions and Economic Changes

Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph, utilizing Morse code for sending messages quickly over long distances.
Specialization refers to the agricultural focus on raising specific crops for sale rather than personal consumption.
The market revolution transformed the economy by promoting the buying and selling of goods over self-production.
Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals control production to generate profit.
Entrepreneurs are individuals who organize business ventures and take on associated risks.

Agricultural Innovations

John Deere developed the steel plow, enhancing efficiency in land preparation for farmers.
Cyrus McCormick created the mechanical reaper, allowing one farmer to accomplish the work of five.

Expansion and Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny is the belief that U.S. expansion westward was divinely ordained.
The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) was an agreement between the U.S. and Native Americans to define territories.
The Santa Fe Trail connected Missouri to New Mexico, serving as a trade route.
The Oregon Trail linked Missouri to the Oregon territory, facilitating westward migration.
Mormons, founded by Joseph Smith, migrated westward on the Oregon Trail for religious freedom.
Brigham Young led the Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah, seeking a safer community.

U.S.-Mexico Relations

"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!" was a slogan by James Polk advocating for Oregon territory annexation.
Stephen F. Austin spearheaded the establishment of an American colony in Texas.
Land grants are public land gifts to individuals or organizations.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the Mexican president during the Texas Revolution.

Texas Independence

The Texas Revolution was the conflict for independence from Mexico.
The Alamo was a pivotal battle site during the Texas Revolution.
Sam Houston captured Santa Anna and became the first president of the Republic of Texas.
The Republic of Texas emerged as an independent nation post-revolution.

U.S. Territorial Expansion

To annex means to attach or take possession of new territories.
James K. Polk, the 11th president, sought war with Mexico to expand U.S. territory.
Zachary Taylor, the 12th president and a military general, played a key role in the Mexican War.
Stephen Kearney was an American general who took control of California during the conflict.

Conflict Outcomes

The Republic of California was declared by American settlers after defeating Mexican forces.
Winfield Scott captured Mexico City, the Mexican capital, during the war.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) marked the official end of the war and territorial disputes.
The Gadsden Purchase (1853) involved the U.S. buying additional land from Mexico to finalize the border.

Gold Rush Era

Forty-niners were individuals who traveled to California in search of gold during the gold rush.
The gold rush denotes the large-scale movement of people towards areas where gold was discovered.

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Explore key terms from US History Chapter 9 with this flashcard quiz. Learn about significant concepts such as Samuel F.B. Morse, specialization in agriculture, the market revolution, and capitalism. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of historical economic changes.