Questions and Answers
Who invented the telegraph?
What is specialization in agriculture?
Raising one or two crops for sale rather than for personal use.
Define market revolution.
Economic change where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves.
What is capitalism?
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Who is an entrepreneur?
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What is a telegraph?
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Who invented the steel plow?
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What did Cyrus McCormick invent?
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What does Manifest Destiny refer to?
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What was the Treaty of Fort Laramie?
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What was the Santa Fe Trail?
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Where does the Oregon Trail lead?
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Who started the religious group known as the Mormons?
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Who was Brigham Young?
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What was the campaign slogan 'Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!' related to?
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What is a land grant?
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Who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna?
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What was the Texas Revolution?
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What significant event occurred at the Alamo?
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Who was Sam Houston?
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What is the Republic of Texas?
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What does it mean to annex?
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Who was James K. Polk?
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Who was Zachary Taylor?
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What did Stephen Kearney accomplish?
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What was the Republic of California?
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Who was Winfield Scott?
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What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
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What was the Gadsden Purchase?
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Who were the forty-niners?
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What was the Gold Rush?
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Study Notes
Inventions and Economic Changes
- Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph, utilizing Morse code for sending messages quickly over long distances.
- Specialization refers to the agricultural focus on raising specific crops for sale rather than personal consumption.
- The market revolution transformed the economy by promoting the buying and selling of goods over self-production.
- Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals control production to generate profit.
- Entrepreneurs are individuals who organize business ventures and take on associated risks.
Agricultural Innovations
- John Deere developed the steel plow, enhancing efficiency in land preparation for farmers.
- Cyrus McCormick created the mechanical reaper, allowing one farmer to accomplish the work of five.
Expansion and Manifest Destiny
- Manifest Destiny is the belief that U.S. expansion westward was divinely ordained.
- The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) was an agreement between the U.S. and Native Americans to define territories.
- The Santa Fe Trail connected Missouri to New Mexico, serving as a trade route.
- The Oregon Trail linked Missouri to the Oregon territory, facilitating westward migration.
- Mormons, founded by Joseph Smith, migrated westward on the Oregon Trail for religious freedom.
- Brigham Young led the Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah, seeking a safer community.
U.S.-Mexico Relations
- "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!" was a slogan by James Polk advocating for Oregon territory annexation.
- Stephen F. Austin spearheaded the establishment of an American colony in Texas.
- Land grants are public land gifts to individuals or organizations.
- Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the Mexican president during the Texas Revolution.
Texas Independence
- The Texas Revolution was the conflict for independence from Mexico.
- The Alamo was a pivotal battle site during the Texas Revolution.
- Sam Houston captured Santa Anna and became the first president of the Republic of Texas.
- The Republic of Texas emerged as an independent nation post-revolution.
U.S. Territorial Expansion
- To annex means to attach or take possession of new territories.
- James K. Polk, the 11th president, sought war with Mexico to expand U.S. territory.
- Zachary Taylor, the 12th president and a military general, played a key role in the Mexican War.
- Stephen Kearney was an American general who took control of California during the conflict.
Conflict Outcomes
- The Republic of California was declared by American settlers after defeating Mexican forces.
- Winfield Scott captured Mexico City, the Mexican capital, during the war.
- The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) marked the official end of the war and territorial disputes.
- The Gadsden Purchase (1853) involved the U.S. buying additional land from Mexico to finalize the border.
Gold Rush Era
- Forty-niners were individuals who traveled to California in search of gold during the gold rush.
- The gold rush denotes the large-scale movement of people towards areas where gold was discovered.
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Explore key terms from US History Chapter 9 with this flashcard quiz. Learn about significant concepts such as Samuel F.B. Morse, specialization in agriculture, the market revolution, and capitalism. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of historical economic changes.