Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which economic model primarily incentivizes healthcare providers in the United States to focus on treatment rather than prevention?
Which economic model primarily incentivizes healthcare providers in the United States to focus on treatment rather than prevention?
- Fee-for-service (FFS) model (correct)
- Capitation model
- Bundled payment model
- Salary-based model
What is a primary reason for the healthcare system's emphasis on treating acute conditions over investing in preventative measures?
What is a primary reason for the healthcare system's emphasis on treating acute conditions over investing in preventative measures?
- Treating acute conditions generates immediate revenue for healthcare institutions. (correct)
- Preventative measures provide immediate revenue for healthcare institutions.
- There is an overabundance of funding for preventative health measures.
- Preventative measures are easier to implement and manage.
What is the main focus of the clinical model in healthcare, as opposed to public health approaches?
What is the main focus of the clinical model in healthcare, as opposed to public health approaches?
- Health policy development
- Population-level interventions
- Environmental health
- Individualized treatment (correct)
Why does the healthcare system struggle with the implementation of widespread preventative measures?
Why does the healthcare system struggle with the implementation of widespread preventative measures?
Which of the following significantly impacts chronic disease management and reduces hospitalizations?
Which of the following significantly impacts chronic disease management and reduces hospitalizations?
What is the definition of epidemiology in the context of public health?
What is the definition of epidemiology in the context of public health?
According to the WHO, what constitutes 'health'?
According to the WHO, what constitutes 'health'?
Which of the following best describes 'cultural competence' in healthcare?
Which of the following best describes 'cultural competence' in healthcare?
How do public health approaches differ from the clinical model regarding health interventions?
How do public health approaches differ from the clinical model regarding health interventions?
Imagine an ideal healthcare system prioritizing both treatment and prevention equally. Which of the following changes would be MOST crucial for this to occur?
Imagine an ideal healthcare system prioritizing both treatment and prevention equally. Which of the following changes would be MOST crucial for this to occur?
Which of the following BEST describes a health disparity?
Which of the following BEST describes a health disparity?
What is the primary focus of public health as a discipline?
What is the primary focus of public health as a discipline?
Which level of prevention aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease?
Which level of prevention aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease?
Which of the following is an example of a pharmacist's role in disaster and emergency preparedness?
Which of the following is an example of a pharmacist's role in disaster and emergency preparedness?
What is the significance of pharmacists pursuing dual PharmD/MPH degrees?
What is the significance of pharmacists pursuing dual PharmD/MPH degrees?
Which activity BEST represents a pharmacist engaging in secondary prevention?
Which activity BEST represents a pharmacist engaging in secondary prevention?
In the context of public health, what does morbidity specifically refer to?
In the context of public health, what does morbidity specifically refer to?
How do technological advancements, such as electronic health records (EHRs), enhance a pharmacist's role in public health?
How do technological advancements, such as electronic health records (EHRs), enhance a pharmacist's role in public health?
A public health initiative aims to reduce hospital readmission rates for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which action would be MOST aligned with a tertiary prevention strategy?
A public health initiative aims to reduce hospital readmission rates for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which action would be MOST aligned with a tertiary prevention strategy?
A researcher is investigating the impact of a novel community-based intervention on reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. They collect extensive longitudinal data on participants' lifestyle factors, biomarkers, and healthcare utilization. To determine if the intervention has a statistically significant impact on CVD incidence while controlling for potential confounders such as age, socioeconomic status, and pre-existing conditions, which statistical method would be MOST appropriate?
A researcher is investigating the impact of a novel community-based intervention on reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. They collect extensive longitudinal data on participants' lifestyle factors, biomarkers, and healthcare utilization. To determine if the intervention has a statistically significant impact on CVD incidence while controlling for potential confounders such as age, socioeconomic status, and pre-existing conditions, which statistical method would be MOST appropriate?
Flashcards
Fee-for-service model
Fee-for-service model
Healthcare prioritizes treatment due to financial structure.
Medical training focus
Medical training focus
Healthcare education emphasizes treating illnesses over prevention.
Economic returns of prevention
Economic returns of prevention
Prevention's benefits appear later, while treatment yields quicker returns.
Fragmentation of health system
Fragmentation of health system
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Patient behavior in healthcare
Patient behavior in healthcare
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Public health funding
Public health funding
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Adherence
Adherence
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Cultural competence
Cultural competence
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology
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Health (WHO Definition)
Health (WHO Definition)
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Health Disparity
Health Disparity
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Health Literacy
Health Literacy
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Incidence
Incidence
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Morbidity
Morbidity
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Mortality
Mortality
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Pharmacovigilance
Pharmacovigilance
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Prevalence
Prevalence
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Primary Prevention
Primary Prevention
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Secondary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
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Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
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Study Notes
- The United States healthcare system is focused more on treatment than prevention.
Factors Influencing Focus
- Economic structures incentivize performing procedures and prescribing medications, and not preventative care.
- Medical training emphasizes acute condition diagnosis and treatment over preventative strategies.
- Preventative health measures provide long-term benefits, while treating conditions create immediate revenue for health institutions.
- Health initiatives focus on the individual, unlike public health which focuses on entire populations.
- Patients tend to seek treatment when symptoms arise instead of participating in preventative measures.
- Public health initiative funding is limited compared to hospital and pharmaceutical expenditures, varying with political and economic trends.
Key Public Health Terms
- Adherence: Patients take medications as prescribed, follow plans, and engage in health-promoting behaviors.
- Cultural Competence: Professionals understand diverse cultural beliefs, values, and customs in health-related decisions.
- Epidemiology: The study of disease distribution, patterns, and determinants in populations.
- Health (WHO Definition): Mental, physical, and social well-being.
- Health Disparity: Differences in health outcomes among different population groups.
- Health Literacy: The ability to understand health information to make health-related decisions.
- Incidence: The number of new cases of a disease within a time period.
- Morbidity: The presence of illness or disease in a population.
- Mortality: The number of deaths in a population over a period.
- Pharmacovigilance: The process of detecting, assessing, and preventing adverse drug reactions.
- Prevalence: The total number of cases of a disease within a population at a given time.
Levels of Prevention
- Primary Prevention: Preventing disease
- Secondary Prevention: Early detection and intervention
- Tertiary Prevention: Reducing the impact of an established disease
- Public Health: Protecting and improving the health of populations.
- Social Determinants of Health: Factors, like socioeconomic status, influencing individual and community health outcomes.
Pharmacists in Public Health
- Medication Management & Safety: Pharmacists ensure medication safety, monitor adherence, and prevent adverse drug reactions.
- Preventative Care Services: Pharmacists provide immunizations, smoking cessation counseling, and health screenings.
- Chronic Disease Management: Pharmacists help manage chronic diseases.
- Health Education & Advocacy: Pharmacists educate the public on medication safety, over-the-counter drug use, and disease prevention.
- Disaster and Emergency Preparedness: Pharmacists contribute to disaster response.
Evolving Role of Pharmacists
- Pharmacists are being recognized as public health professionals.
- Laws enable pharmacists to administer vaccines, prescribe contraception, and manage chronic diseases.
- Digital health tools increase pharmacists’ ability to monitor population health trends.
- Pharmacists address global health challenges, like antimicrobial resistance, medication safety, and emergency preparedness.
Chapter 6 Summary
- Public health is focused on population-based interventions over individualized treatment.
- Public health evolved from sanitation and infectious disease control to addressing disease prevention, health promotion, and social determinants of health.
- Epidemiology is important for tracking disease trends and designing interventions to reduce health disparities.
- Prevention strategies include primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
- Pharmacists play a growing role in public health, including MTM, disease management, immunizations, and emergency preparedness.
- Antimicrobial resistance, environmental health concerns, and global health threats are explored.
- Limited public health funding, healthcare workforce shortages, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration are challenges.
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Description
The United States healthcare system is more focused on treatment than prevention. Economic structures incentivize performing procedures and prescribing medications, as opposed to preventative care. Public health initiative funding is limited compared to hospital and pharmaceutical expenditures.
