U.S. Constitutional Law Quiz
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U.S. Constitutional Law Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What standard for libel involving public officials was established in New York Times v Sullivan (1964)?

  • Malicious intent must be proven. (correct)
  • Negligence must be demonstrated.
  • Truth of the statement is a defense.
  • Public officials cannot sue for libel.

    • In the context of the establishment clause, what does the Lemon Test require for a law?

  • It must prioritize religious viewpoints.
  • It must promote particular religious beliefs.
  • It must have a secular purpose. (correct)
  • It must encourage government involvement in religion.

    • Which case outlawed polygamy in the United States?

  • Reynolds v United States (correct)
  • New York Times v Sullivan
  • Cantwell v Connecticut
  • Everson v Board of Education

    • What does the exclusionary rule state regarding evidence obtained by law enforcement?

    <p>Illegally obtained evidence cannot be introduced in court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the Free Exercise Clause?

    <p>It distinguishes between belief and practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the U.S. District Courts and the U.S. Court of Appeals play in the federal court system?

    <p>They serve as trial courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the decision when all justices agree with the legal reasoning?

    <p>Unanimous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many justices must agree for a majority decision?

    <p>At least 5 justices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

    <p>To prevent abuses by the national government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Incorporation Doctrine signify?

    <p>Most rights in the Bill of Rights apply to state governments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Dred Scott v Sandford case?

    <p>It marked the Supreme Court's first declaration of a federal law being unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes dissenting opinions in Supreme Court decisions?

    <p>They represent the opinions of the losing side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is a unique aspect of the oral arguments in the Supreme Court process?

    <p>This is the only public portion of the Supreme Court process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines seditious speech?

    <p>Speech that encourages rebellion against the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case established that states must respect free speech rights equivalent to the national government?

    <p>Gitlow v New York (1925)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary outcome of the Tinker v Des Moines case?

    <p>The Court expanded the definition of speech to include freedom of expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered not protected by the First Amendment according to Roth v United States?

    <p>Obscenity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court rule in Ferber v New York (1982) regarding child pornography?

    <p>It is obscene and not protected by the First Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of freedom of the press, what does prior restraint refer to?

    <p>Limiting speech before it occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the New York Times v United States (1971) case?

    <p>It involved a highly divided Supreme Court ruling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier (1988), which statement about children's press rights is true?

    <p>Children's press has fewer rights than adult press.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding police powers in Miami?

    <p>Limits exist on police powers to prevent widespread profiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Miranda Rule establish?

    <p>Right to remain silent and self-incrimination rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case established the right to counsel for the indigent?

    <p>Gideon v Wainwright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 8th Amendment protect against?

    <p>Cruel and unusual punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case did the Supreme Court rule that executing mentally retarded defendants is prohibited?

    <p>Virginia v Atkins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 5th Amendment protect individuals from?

    <p>Double jeopardy and self-incrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many states had the death penalty as of 2021?

    <p>24 states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes negative freedoms?

    <p>Individual liberties against governmental power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

    <p>Public accommodations and jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 have?

    <p>It resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of black voters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case marked the first time the Supreme Court struck down a law discriminating against women?

    <p>Reed v Reed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?

    <p>It granted women the right to vote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Title IX?

    <p>To prohibit discrimination based on gender in education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did the 14th Amendment bring about for former slaves?

    <p>It granted them citizenship, overturning the Dred Scott case.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which case established that private discrimination was legal?

    <p>Civil Rights Cases (1883)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of Jim Crow laws?

    <p>To establish wholesale segregation in the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case did the Supreme Court rule that a separate black law school was not 'substantially equal' to a white law school?

    <p>Sweatt v. Painter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Thurgood Marshall implement to challenge segregation?

    <p>Target states lacking separate facilities first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event was triggered by Rosa Parks refusing to give up her bus seat?

    <p>The Montgomery Bus Boycott.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court rule in Brown v. Board of Education?

    <p>Public schools must be desegregated with all deliberate speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'DeFacto' segregation refer to?

    <p>Segregation due to economic inequalities and social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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