Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium?
What percentage of kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium?
- 90%
- 50%
- 25%
- 75% (correct)
Which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of calcium-based kidney stone formation?
Which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of calcium-based kidney stone formation?
- Excessive fluid intake
- Hyperparathyroidism (correct)
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Hypoparathyroidism
A patient with recurrent kidney stones is being evaluated. Which of the following conditions should be considered due to its association with calcium-based stone formation?
A patient with recurrent kidney stones is being evaluated. Which of the following conditions should be considered due to its association with calcium-based stone formation?
- Hyperparathyroidism (correct)
- Hypothyroidism
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Vitamin C deficiency
Which of the following is a non-invasive treatment option for kidney stones?
Which of the following is a non-invasive treatment option for kidney stones?
Which intervention would be the MOST appropriate initial step in managing a patient presenting with acute pain due to confirmed urolithiasis?
Which intervention would be the MOST appropriate initial step in managing a patient presenting with acute pain due to confirmed urolithiasis?
Besides altered calcium metabolism, which factor contributes to kidney stone formation?
Besides altered calcium metabolism, which factor contributes to kidney stone formation?
Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to favor kidney stone formation?
Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to favor kidney stone formation?
What is the definition of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis?
What is the definition of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis?
Which of the following treatment options for kidney stones involves the surgical placement of a tube to maintain the patency of the ureter?
Which of the following treatment options for kidney stones involves the surgical placement of a tube to maintain the patency of the ureter?
Which of the following conditions that cause altered calcium metabolism should clinicians consider when a patient presents with kidney stones?
Which of the following conditions that cause altered calcium metabolism should clinicians consider when a patient presents with kidney stones?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the occurrence of urolithiasis?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the occurrence of urolithiasis?
A patient with urolithiasis is prescribed an NSAID. What is the primary reason for this medication?
A patient with urolithiasis is prescribed an NSAID. What is the primary reason for this medication?
Which surgical procedure for treating kidney stones is typically considered the MOST invasive?
Which surgical procedure for treating kidney stones is typically considered the MOST invasive?
Excessive intake of which of the following nutrients is closely linked to hypercalcemia and potential formation of kidney stones?
Excessive intake of which of the following nutrients is closely linked to hypercalcemia and potential formation of kidney stones?
Which treatment is least likely to be used in the initial management of kidney stones?
Which treatment is least likely to be used in the initial management of kidney stones?
Which of the following factors directly contributes to urinary stasis, potentially increasing the risk of kidney stone formation?
Which of the following factors directly contributes to urinary stasis, potentially increasing the risk of kidney stone formation?
Which diagnostic or historical detail would MOST strongly suggest that a patient’s kidney stones are related to sarcoidosis?
Which diagnostic or historical detail would MOST strongly suggest that a patient’s kidney stones are related to sarcoidosis?
A patient with a history of kidney stones is advised to limit intake of dairy products. What is the MOST likely reason for this recommendation?
A patient with a history of kidney stones is advised to limit intake of dairy products. What is the MOST likely reason for this recommendation?
For a patient with urolithiasis who is unable to pass the stone naturally, and whose stone is too large for lithotripsy, which intervention is MOST likely to be considered?
For a patient with urolithiasis who is unable to pass the stone naturally, and whose stone is too large for lithotripsy, which intervention is MOST likely to be considered?
In a patient presenting with kidney stones, which underlying condition is directly associated with increased calcium levels due to increased bone resorption?
In a patient presenting with kidney stones, which underlying condition is directly associated with increased calcium levels due to increased bone resorption?
Flashcards
Urolithiasis/Nephrolithiasis
Urolithiasis/Nephrolithiasis
Stones (calculi) found in the urinary tract and kidney.
Factors favoring kidney stone formation
Factors favoring kidney stone formation
Includes infection, urinary stasis, immobility, and altered calcium metabolism.
Hypercalcemia considerations
Hypercalcemia considerations
Conditions that cause elevated calcium levels in the blood.
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
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Pharmacological treatment for kidney stones
Pharmacological treatment for kidney stones
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Lithotripsy
Lithotripsy
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Nephrectomy
Nephrectomy
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Stent placement
Stent placement
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Ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy
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Spontaneous Stone Passage
Spontaneous Stone Passage
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Study Notes
- Urolithiasis/Nephrolithiasis refers to stones (calculi) in the urinary tract and kidney
Pathophysiology
- Factors that favor stone formation include infection, urinary stasis and immobility
- Altered calcium metabolism (hypercalcemia) is a factor
- 75% of all stones are calcium based
- Consider hyperparathyroidism, some cancers, TB, sarcoidosis, excessive vitamin D intake or excessive dairy product intake
Other
- More often seen in males
Treatment
- Eradicate the stone
- Stones may pass on their own
- Lithotripsy (noninvasive) and ureteroscopy are options
- Surgical options include stent placement, open removal of stones, and nephrectomy (rare)
- Opioids and NSAIDs available as a pharmacological intervention
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