Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which anatomic derangement can predispose patients to stone formation?

  • Renal colic
  • Polycystic kidney disease (correct)
  • Urinary retention
  • Renointestinal reflexes

    • Which medication can cause stones in some patients?

  • Antihistamines
  • Antibiotics
  • Antidepressants
  • Antacids (correct)

    • What are the signs and symptoms of stones in the urinary system?

  • Blood in urine (correct)
  • Increased urine output
  • Fever and chills
  • Painful urination

    • What happens when stones block the flow of urine?

    <p>Increased renal pelvis distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are associated with stones in the renal pelvis?

    <p>Radiating pain towards bladder in females and testes in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of renal colic?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms are caused by renointestinal reflexes and the anatomical proximity of kidneys?

    <p>Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of ureteral obstruction?

    <p>Acute, excruciating, colicky pain radiating down the thigh and to the genitalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance mediates colic and increases ureteral contractility and renal blood flow?

    <p>Prostaglandin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual size limit for a patient to pass a kidney stone?

    <p>0.5 cm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urolithiasis refers to stones in the

    <p>kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of renal calculi in males?

    <p>10.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of renal calculi in females?

    <p>7.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are rates of renal calculi increasing among women?

    <p>Yes, rates are increasing among women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors favor the formation of stones in the urinary tract?

    <p>Infection, urinary stasis, and periods of immobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different substances that can form stones in the urinary tract?

    <p>Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common sites of calculi formation in the urinary tract?

    <p>Kidney and ureters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria?

    <p>Hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, cancers, dehydration, granulomatous diseases, excessive intake of vitamin D, excessive intake of milk and alkali, myeloproliferative diseases, and intestinal bypass surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of stones in men are uric acid stones?

    <p>72%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of stones in women are struvite stones?

    <p>72%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the predisposing factors for struvite stones?

    <p>Neurogenic bladder, foreign bodies, and recurrent UTIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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