Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which anatomic derangement can predispose patients to stone formation?

  • Renal colic
  • Polycystic kidney disease (correct)
  • Urinary retention
  • Renointestinal reflexes

Which medication can cause stones in some patients?

  • Antihistamines
  • Antibiotics
  • Antidepressants
  • Antacids (correct)

What are the signs and symptoms of stones in the urinary system?

  • Blood in urine (correct)
  • Increased urine output
  • Fever and chills
  • Painful urination

What happens when stones block the flow of urine?

<p>Increased renal pelvis distention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are associated with stones in the renal pelvis?

<p>Radiating pain towards bladder in females and testes in males (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of renal colic?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are caused by renointestinal reflexes and the anatomical proximity of kidneys?

<p>Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of ureteral obstruction?

<p>Acute, excruciating, colicky pain radiating down the thigh and to the genitalia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance mediates colic and increases ureteral contractility and renal blood flow?

<p>Prostaglandin E (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual size limit for a patient to pass a kidney stone?

<p>0.5 cm in diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urolithiasis refers to stones in the

<p>kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of renal calculi in males?

<p>10.6% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of renal calculi in females?

<p>7.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are rates of renal calculi increasing among women?

<p>Yes, rates are increasing among women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors favor the formation of stones in the urinary tract?

<p>Infection, urinary stasis, and periods of immobility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different substances that can form stones in the urinary tract?

<p>Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common sites of calculi formation in the urinary tract?

<p>Kidney and ureters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria?

<p>Hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, cancers, dehydration, granulomatous diseases, excessive intake of vitamin D, excessive intake of milk and alkali, myeloproliferative diseases, and intestinal bypass surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of stones in men are uric acid stones?

<p>72% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of stones in women are struvite stones?

<p>72% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the predisposing factors for struvite stones?

<p>Neurogenic bladder, foreign bodies, and recurrent UTIs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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