21 Questions
Which anatomic derangement can predispose patients to stone formation?
Polycystic kidney disease
Which medication can cause stones in some patients?
Antacids
What are the signs and symptoms of stones in the urinary system?
Blood in urine
What happens when stones block the flow of urine?
Increased renal pelvis distention
What symptoms are associated with stones in the renal pelvis?
Radiating pain towards bladder in females and testes in males
What are the symptoms of renal colic?
Nausea and vomiting
What symptoms are caused by renointestinal reflexes and the anatomical proximity of kidneys?
Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort
What are the symptoms of ureteral obstruction?
Acute, excruciating, colicky pain radiating down the thigh and to the genitalia
What substance mediates colic and increases ureteral contractility and renal blood flow?
Prostaglandin E
What is the usual size limit for a patient to pass a kidney stone?
0.5 cm in diameter
Urolithiasis refers to stones in the
kidney
What is the prevalence of renal calculi in males?
10.6%
What is the prevalence of renal calculi in females?
7.1%
Are rates of renal calculi increasing among women?
Yes, rates are increasing among women.
What factors favor the formation of stones in the urinary tract?
Infection, urinary stasis, and periods of immobility
What are the different substances that can form stones in the urinary tract?
Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid
What are the common sites of calculi formation in the urinary tract?
Kidney and ureters
What are the causes of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria?
Hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, cancers, dehydration, granulomatous diseases, excessive intake of vitamin D, excessive intake of milk and alkali, myeloproliferative diseases, and intestinal bypass surgery
What percentage of stones in men are uric acid stones?
72%
What percentage of stones in women are struvite stones?
72%
What are the predisposing factors for struvite stones?
Neurogenic bladder, foreign bodies, and recurrent UTIs
Test your knowledge on urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis with this informative quiz! Learn about the definitions, prevalence rates, and gender differences associated with renal calculi. Discover interesting facts and statistics in this engaging quiz.
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