Urine Analysis Review Quiz

Urine is primarily 95% water and 5% solutes.

Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and hippuric acid are examples of organic substances often found.

Inorganic compounds like chloride, sodium, potassium, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium, magnesium, and calcium are present in urine.

Urea is the major organic component in urine.

Chloride, a mineral ion, often features prominently.

Normal urine color ranges from straw to amber.

Urine is considered a liquid biopsy because it offers information about the urinary tract.

Urine is an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma.

Urochrome is a substance determining urine's color.

Fever, starvation, and thyrotoxicosis can increase urochrome excretion.

A pink pigment, most apparent in unfresh urine, uroerythrin plays a role in urine color.

Urobilin is an oxidation product of urobilinogen, imparting an orange-brown color to stale urine.

A precursor to urobilin, urobilinogen is the initial state of the pigment.

Refrigeration is the most common method to preserve urine samples.

Characteristics of urine, including color and composition, provide insights into health.

The efferent arteriole carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus in the kidney, delivering it to the peritubular capillaries for further processing.

The PCT is the first segment of the renal tubule where most of the water and solutes are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream from the filtrate.

The efferent arteriole carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus and delivers it to the peritubular capillaries.

The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is the primary site of water and solute reabsorption in the kidney.

Peritubular capillaries surround the renal tubules, assisting in the reabsorption of water and solutes back into the bloodstream.

Trichomonas, a type of parasite, can increase in number if urine is not preserved, possibly leading to inaccurate results.

Red blood cells can lyse (break down) in unpreserved urine, making accurate red blood cell count and analysis difficult.

Bacteria can multiply in unpreserved urine, leading to changes in the urine's composition and possibly affecting test results.

Casts, made of protein, can break down and dissolve in unpreserved urine, making them hard to detect.

Unpreserved urine can undergo several changes, including an increase in bacteria, lysis of red blood cells, breakdown of casts, and a rise in Trichomonas.

A type of white blood cell (WBC) that is involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. They contain granules that stain red-orange with eosin.

A large phagocytic cell that engulfs and destroys foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and cellular debris.

A type of fungus that can cause infections in the lungs, brain, and other organs, especially in people with weakened immune systems.

A type of yeast that is normally present in the body but can cause infection, especially in the mouth, vagina, or skin, called candidiasis.

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are specifically involved in allergic reactions.

A type of abnormal protein found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells. It is characterized by its unique property of dissolving at 100°C and coagulating at 40-60°C.

Bence Jones protein dissolves at 100°C (boiling point) and coagulates at 40-60°C (body temperature). This unusual temperature behavior distinguishes it from other proteins.

Bence Jones protein is primarily found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells. It is a sign of the disease and its presence can aid in diagnosis.

The presence of Bence Jones protein in urine is a significant indicator of multiple myeloma, a type of cancer. Its detection can aid in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment progress.

Bence Jones protein can be used as a diagnostic tool for multiple myeloma. By detecting its presence in urine, doctors can identify the disease and monitor the effectiveness of treatments.

Urates are soluble in heat, meaning they dissolve when heated.

The normal volume of urine produced daily is approximately 1000-1500 mL.

Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and hippuric acid are examples of organic substances found in urine.

Inorganic compounds like chloride, sodium, potassium, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium, magnesium, and calcium are present in urine.

Urea is the major organic component in urine.

Microscopic cylindrical structures formed in the renal tubules, composed of cellular debris, proteins, or other substances. They help diagnose kidney disease.

Tubular casts containing red blood cells, indicating blood in the renal tubules, commonly associated with glomerulonephritis.

Casts containing white blood cells, suggesting inflammation or infection in the renal tubules.

Casts with a granular appearance, representing cellular debris or protein breakdown products, commonly seen in chronic kidney disease.

Casts having a waxy appearance, indicating significant kidney damage and a poor prognosis.