Urine Analysis Review Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What effect might occur with an unpreserved urine sample?

Decrease in pH levels

Growth of yeast colonies

Trichomonas will increase in number (correct)

Decrease in specific gravity

Which of the following changes is least likely to occur in an unpreserved urine sample?

Increased nitrite levels

Stability of bacteria counts (correct)

Decrease in glucose concentration

Formation of crystals

In an unpreserved urine sample, which alteration is most probable?

Increase in ketones

Trichomonas proliferation (correct)

Formation of casts

Degradation of urobilinogen

Which statement about unpreserved urine is accurate?

Microbial growth is likely Signup and view all the answers

What change can be expected in the composition of unpreserved urine over time?

Decrease in pH due to bacterial metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for delivering blood away from the kidney?

Renal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in water reabsorption?

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the renal system?

To supply blood to the glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures contributes to the concentration of urine?

Vasa recta Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water during the process of filtration at the glomerulus?

It is filtered out along with solutes into the Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is true about Bence Jones protein?

It dissolves at 100°C and coagulates at 40-60°C. Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature range does Bence Jones protein coagulate?

40-60°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Bence Jones protein?

It dissolves at 50°C. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the behavior of Bence Jones protein under heat?

It undergoes phase changes with specific temperature changes. Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is Bence Jones protein typically observed?

Multiple myeloma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is primarily associated with eosinophils in the immune response?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for phagocytosis and presents antigens to T cells?

Macrophage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fungal organism that can cause opportunistic infections?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the immune system, which of these options is mainly responsible for allergic reactions?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells is primarily a phagocyte and not involved in the allergic response?

Macrophage Signup and view all the answers

What indicates widening of renal tubules?

Increased presence of crystals Signup and view all the answers

What is true about casts in urine analysis?

Casts can be of any type Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of crystals in urine?

They are always harmful Signup and view all the answers

What could the presence of renal tubules widening indicate?

Acute tubular necrosis Signup and view all the answers

In the context of urine analysis, what is a cast?

A solid deposit formed from crystals Signup and view all the answers

Which volume statement is true regarding urates being soluble in heat?

15 mL Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded if both statements regarding urates are correct?

Heat increases the solubility of urates. Signup and view all the answers

If Statement 1 about urates is inaccurate, which conclusion can be drawn?

Urates have varying solubility in different conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a possible misconception about urate solubility?

Urates dissolve better at lower temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the given statements, what would be an incorrect interpretation of their meaning?

Only one of the two statements reflects the truth. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statement/s about urine is true?

It is a liquid biopsy of the urinary tract. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of urine?

95% water, 5% solutes Signup and view all the answers

The following are the organic substances normally present in the urine;

Uric acid Signup and view all the answers

What are the inorganic substances normally present in the urine?

Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Sulfate, Phosphate, Ammonium, Magnesium, Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the major organic component of urine?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal daily urine output?

All of the following are within the normal range. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their respective definition.

Polyuria = Decrease urine output Oliguria = Painful urination Anuria = Increased excretion at night Dysuria = Increased urine output Nocturia = Complete cessation of urine flow Signup and view all the answers

What condition/s is/are associated with polyuria?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

Obstruction of the urinary tract due to infection and presence of crystals is associated with

Oliguria Signup and view all the answers

What is the major cause of UTI which is known to have a burning sensation?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

Painful urination occurs due to the following, except;

None of the following Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal day to night urine ratio?

2:1-3:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the major pigment present in the urine that causes its yellow color?

Urochrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions cause increased urochrome excretion?

Fever, starvation and thyrotoxicosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does the uroerythrin is most evident?

A urine left standing at room temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Which is true about uroerythrin?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent which imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh?

Urobilin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is/are true?

Bacteria cause the oxidation of urobilinogen to urobilin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method of urine preservation?

Refrigeration Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of urine serves as an indicator of a person's hydration status?

Color Signup and view all the answers

What substance causes a burgundy red or port wine urine?

Porphobilinogen Signup and view all the answers

What substance causes smoky red-brown urine?

Hemoglobinuria Signup and view all the answers

Which is/are true about Rifampin?

It causes a red orange urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of urine in lead porphyrinuria (lead poisoning)?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of urine in patients taking anti-malarial drug atabrine?

Green Signup and view all the answers

Urine: well hydrated; urine: dehydrated

Pale yellow, Dark yellow Signup and view all the answers

Diluted urine:_ specific gravity; Concentrated urine:_ specific gravity

Increase, decrease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urine Analysis Review Questions

Urine Composition: Urine is primarily composed of 95% water and 5% solutes.
Normal Urine Color: Normal urine color ranges from straw to amber.
Urochrome: A pigment that imparts a yellow color to urine.
Urobilinogen: An inactive, colorless oxidation product of urobilin. Oxidation of urobilinogen to urobilin imparts an orange-brown color to stale urine.
Urobilin: An orange-brown oxidation product of urobilinogen that is important in urine color.
Uroerythrin: A pink pigment most evident in urine samples that aren't fresh.
Preservation: Refrigeration is the most common method of urine preservation.
Daily Urine Output: Normal daily urine output is 600-2,500 mL.
Polyuria: Excessive urine output. This can be associated with diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus.
Oliguria: Decreased urine output.
Anuria: Complete cessation of urine output.
Dysuria: Painful urination. This can be caused by Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).
Nocturia: Increased urination during the night.
Urine Color and Associated Conditions: Various urine colors(e.g., pale yellow, amber, green, red, brown, black) may be indicative of particular conditions or intake of certain substances.
Specific Gravity: A measure indicating urine concentration. Higher values point to concentration; lower values indicate dilution.
Normal Specific Gravity: Normal range is 1.002 – 1.040..
Clinical Significance of Urine Constituents: Urine analysis determines the presence and amount of various substances (e.g., protein, glucose, blood) or detects abnormal conditions affecting the urinary system.

Clinical Microscopy Review Questions

Clinical Significance of Urine Constituents: Urine analysis helps assess potential health issues by identifying abnormal components.
Causes of abnormal urine colors: Various conditions, substances, or foods may cause changes in urine color.
Abnormal urine color interpretation: Specific urine colors (e.g., blue-green, orange, pink, brown, black) may reflect conditions or substances ingested..
Normal Values or Ranges: It is expected that values in urine analysis should fall within normal ranges.

Additional Topics (from provided text)

Clinical Microscopy MTAP 100 Review Questions: This section covers various questions related to the analysis of urine and other body fluids for clinical purposes.
Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration: These are part of normal urine formation processes.
Normal urine pH: Normal urine pH is 4.5–8.0.
Other Urine Analysis Topics: The text includes multiple other topics related to testing characteristics or conditions linked to urine analytes or conditions based on the urine analysis.

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Description

Test your knowledge on urine composition, color, and related concepts with this quiz. Explore essential terms like urochrome, urobilinogen, and daily urine output. Perfect for students in biology or healthcare fields.