17 Questions
What is the primary purpose of measuring urine albumin concentration?
To monitor renal damage in diabetic patients
Why is a first morning sample preferred for measuring urine albumin concentration?
Because it provides the most accurate results
What risk factor makes urine albumin a marker for renal damage in nondiabetic patients?
Elevated lipids
In what units is Urine Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (ACR) measured?
mg/g creatinine
What does an ACR ratio higher than 34mg/mmol indicate?
Declining kidney function
Why might daily activity lead to false positive ACR results?
It affects the ratio of albumin to creatinine
What is the normal level of ACR in spot urine specimens?
< 30 mg/mmol creatinine
What is the purpose of expressing albumin concentration in a spot sample as a ratio to urine creatinine?
To account for patient hydration effects on albumin concentration
What is the relationship between urea and BUN?
Urea is a waste product formed in the liver, while BUN measures the amount of nitrogen contained in urea.
Why is the BUN test usually done alongside a blood creatinine test?
To have a more specific indicator of kidney function.
What contributes to an increase in blood urea concentrations?
Increased protein load due to diet or certain medical conditions.
Why is urea considered a poor marker for kidney disease compared to creatinine?
Urea handling in the kidney tubules varies with urine flow rate.
What can cause lower blood urea concentrations to be seen in pregnancy?
Increased urine flow rate.
How does BUN help in indicating kidney dysfunction?
By measuring the amount of nitrogen in urea.
What does an increase in urea cycle enzyme activity result in?
Decrease in blood urea levels.
Why is it important to consider both protein intake and liver function when interpreting BUN results?
Both factors can impact blood urea nitrogen levels.
What makes creatinine a better marker for kidney function than urea?
Creatinine production rates are constant and less affected by external factors compared to urea.
Learn about the measurement of Urine Albumin Concentration (UAC) as a marker for renal damage in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Understand how UAC is reported, its significance, and the conditions associated with elevated UAC levels.
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