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Urine Albumin Concentration (UAC) Measurement

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Urine Albumin Concentration (UAC) Measurement

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring urine albumin concentration?

To diagnose diabetes

To evaluate the effects of hypertension

To monitor renal damage in diabetic patients (correct)

To assess cardiovascular risk

Why is a first morning sample preferred for measuring urine albumin concentration?

Because it provides the most accurate results (correct)

Because it helps diagnose diabetes better

Because it correlates strongly with lipid levels

Because it reduces the effect of patient hydration

What risk factor makes urine albumin a marker for renal damage in nondiabetic patients?

Obesity

Elevated lipids (correct)

High blood sugar levels

Low blood pressure

In what units is Urine Albumin:Creatinine Ratio (ACR) measured?

mg/g creatinine Signup and view all the answers

What does an ACR ratio higher than 34mg/mmol indicate?

Declining kidney function Signup and view all the answers

Why might daily activity lead to false positive ACR results?

It affects the ratio of albumin to creatinine Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level of ACR in spot urine specimens?

< 30 mg/mmol creatinine Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of expressing albumin concentration in a spot sample as a ratio to urine creatinine?

To account for patient hydration effects on albumin concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between urea and BUN?

Urea is a waste product formed in the liver, while BUN measures the amount of nitrogen contained in urea. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the BUN test usually done alongside a blood creatinine test?

To have a more specific indicator of kidney function. Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to an increase in blood urea concentrations?

Increased protein load due to diet or certain medical conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Why is urea considered a poor marker for kidney disease compared to creatinine?

Urea handling in the kidney tubules varies with urine flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

What can cause lower blood urea concentrations to be seen in pregnancy?

Increased urine flow rate. Signup and view all the answers

How does BUN help in indicating kidney dysfunction?

By measuring the amount of nitrogen in urea. Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in urea cycle enzyme activity result in?

Decrease in blood urea levels. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider both protein intake and liver function when interpreting BUN results?

Both factors can impact blood urea nitrogen levels. Signup and view all the answers

What makes creatinine a better marker for kidney function than urea?

Creatinine production rates are constant and less affected by external factors compared to urea. Signup and view all the answers