Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary location of inflammation in cystitis?
What is the primary location of inflammation in cystitis?
What is a common symptom of cystitis?
What is a common symptom of cystitis?
What is a method of preventing UTIs?
What is a method of preventing UTIs?
What is a cause of urethritis?
What is a cause of urethritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a symptom of urethritis?
What is a symptom of urethritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common location of urethritis in men?
What is the most common location of urethritis in men?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a complication of urethritis in men?
What is a complication of urethritis in men?
Signup and view all the answers
What is used to diagnose cystitis and urethritis?
What is used to diagnose cystitis and urethritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary cause of acute renal failure?
What is the primary cause of acute renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a good indicator of kidney function?
Which of the following is a good indicator of kidney function?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of treatment in acute renal failure?
What is the primary goal of treatment in acute renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration of the recovery phase in acute renal failure?
What is the typical duration of the recovery phase in acute renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the oliguric-anuric phase in acute renal failure?
What is the characteristic of the oliguric-anuric phase in acute renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consequence of acute renal failure?
What is the primary consequence of acute renal failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of collaborative care for patients with UTIs?
What is the primary goal of collaborative care for patients with UTIs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for inflammation of the urethra?
What is the term for inflammation of the urethra?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a cause of transient incontinence?
Which of the following is a cause of transient incontinence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the loss of urine resulting from an uninhibited detrusor contraction?
What is the term for the loss of urine resulting from an uninhibited detrusor contraction?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of patients in nursing homes have some degree of urinary incontinence?
What percentage of patients in nursing homes have some degree of urinary incontinence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the inability to control the voiding of urine?
What is the term for the inability to control the voiding of urine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary factor that contributes to stress incontinence?
What is the primary factor that contributes to stress incontinence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of incontinence results from medical factors, such as medication side effects?
Which type of incontinence results from medical factors, such as medication side effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of behavioral therapy in managing urinary incontinence?
What is the primary goal of behavioral therapy in managing urinary incontinence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic urinary retention?
What is the primary difference between acute and chronic urinary retention?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of measuring post-void residual urine?
What is the purpose of measuring post-void residual urine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the preferred method of catheterization for chronic urinary retention?
What is the preferred method of catheterization for chronic urinary retention?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of nursing care for clients with acute urinary retention?
What is the primary goal of nursing care for clients with acute urinary retention?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the consequence of bladder overdistention?
What is the consequence of bladder overdistention?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Crede voiding?
What is the purpose of Crede voiding?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with cystitis?
What is the recommended treatment for a patient with cystitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary indication for indwelling catheterization?
What is the primary indication for indwelling catheterization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Valsalva voiding?
What is the purpose of Valsalva voiding?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main goal of medical management for chronic pyelonephritis?
What is the main goal of medical management for chronic pyelonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom of upper UTI?
What is a common symptom of upper UTI?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for encouraging fluid intake in clients with urinary retention?
What is the primary reason for encouraging fluid intake in clients with urinary retention?
Signup and view all the answers
What is interstitial cystitis?
What is interstitial cystitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended fluid intake for a patient with pyelonephritis?
What is the recommended fluid intake for a patient with pyelonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common nursing intervention for a patient with pyelonephritis?
What is a common nursing intervention for a patient with pyelonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of cranberry juice and vitamin C in the management of cystitis?
What is the purpose of cranberry juice and vitamin C in the management of cystitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom of interstitial cystitis?
What is a common symptom of interstitial cystitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for a patient with pyelonephritis?
What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for a patient with pyelonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common complication of chronic pyelonephritis?
What is a common complication of chronic pyelonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Lower Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder, causes include urologic invasive procedures, fecal contamination, prostatitis or BPH, pregnancy, and sexual intercourse
- Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra, causes include sexual transmission, Trichomonas, and Gonococcal infection
Assessment Findings
- Cystitis: urgency, frequency, low back pain, discomfort during urination, hematuria, and fever
- Urethritis: fever, chills, and discomfort during urination
Medical Management
- Cystitis: antimicrobial therapy, cranberry juice, and vitamin C to prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall
- Urethritis: antibiotic therapy, increased fluid intake, and analgesics
Nursing Management
- Cystitis: instruct client on preventive measures, void at regular intervals, and practice good hygiene
- Urethritis: preventive measures, sterile/gentle technique with catheterization, and frequent perineal care
Upper UTIs - Pyelonephritis
- Acute: kidneys inflamed and enlarged, flank pain, colicky abdominal discomfort, N/V, chills, and fever
- Chronic: asymptomatic or low-grade fever, vague GI complaints, increased BP, and fatigue
Medical-Surgical Management: Pyelonephritis
- Acute: adequate fluid intake, antibiotics, antispasmodics, and anticholinergics
- Chronic: aim to prevent further kidney damage, surgery (nephrectomy) if severe hypertension develops
Interstitial Cystitis
- Chronic, painful inflammatory disease of the bladder wall, causing disintegration of the lining and loss of bladder elasticity
- Believed to be associated with an autoimmune or allergic response
- Clinical manifestations: pain, UTIs, and pain relief with urination
Urinary Incontinence
- Uncontrolled loss of urine, sufficient to be a problem
- Causes: delirium, infection, pharmacologic, psychological, excessive urine production, restricted activity, and stool impaction
- Affects 15-50% of the elderly
Types of Urinary Incontinence
- Stress incontinence: loss of urine when the force of pressure exceeds the support provided by the ligament and pelvic floor
- Urge incontinence: loss of urine resulting from an uninhibited detrusor contraction
- Overflow incontinence: loss of urine resulting from the lack of sensation
- Reflex incontinence: loss of urine resulting from the lack of sensation
- Reduced urethral function: loss of urine when the intravesicular pressure exceeds the maximal urethral pressure
- Functional incontinence: loss of urine when the lower urinary tract is intact but other factors cause the loss
- Iatrogenic incontinence: loss of urine related to medical factors
Management of Urinary Incontinence
- Medical: behavioral therapy, fluid management, standardized voiding frequency, pelvic muscle exercise, and surgery
- Nursing: support and encouragement, medication education, and pre- and post-op care
Urinary Retention
- Inability to urinate or effectively empty the bladder
- Acute: usually cannot void at all, seen with complete urethral obstruction, post-general anesthetic, epidural anesthetic, post-gyne/bladder surgery, childbirth, or certain medications
- Chronic: cannot completely empty the bladder, seen with enlarged prostate or neurologic disorders
Assessment Findings
- Acute: sudden inability to void, distended bladder, lower abdominal pain, and discomfort
- Chronic: may go unnoticed, void frequently in small amounts, or experience dribbling
Medical-Surgical Management: Urinary Retention
- Acute: immediate catheterization, intermittent or indwelling catheter
- Chronic: permanent drainage with a urethral catheter or suprapubic cystostomy, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), or Crede voiding
Nursing Care: Urinary Retention
- Acute: conscious client will verbalize discomfort, monitor voiding pattern, and collaborate with physician regarding catheterization
- Chronic: assessment, intermittent catheterization, encourage fluid intake, and emotional support/teaching
Acute Renal Failure
- Complex disorder with many etiological factors and variant clinical manifestations
- Develops as a consequence of prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal disorders
- Rapid accumulation of toxic wastes occurs, leading to azotemia and increased serum urea (BUN) and creatinine (CR) levels
Progression of Acute Renal Failure
- Initiation: S&S appear within hours or days
- Maintenance: oliguric-anuric phase, accompanied by a reduced blood flow to the kidney
- Recovery: return of normal renal function, increased glomerular filtration rate, and stabilizing or decreasing of BUN and CR levels
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Learn about the prevention methods and types of urinary tract infections, including cystitis and urethritis. Understand the causes, symptoms, and transmission methods of these infections.
