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Questions and Answers
What is the most likely cause of cystitis in the community pharmacy setting?
Why should any man with symptoms of cystitis be referred for further assessment?
Which symptom would warrant an immediate referral for further assessment?
Why should pregnant women with symptoms of cystitis be referred for assessment?
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What should be done if cystitis symptoms have not improved within 2 days of beginning treatment?
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What is the reason for the rarity of cystitis in men under the age of 50?
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What is responsible for about 50% of all cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis?
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What is the main source of infecting organisms for the female urethra?
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In how many days will about half of cystitis cases resolve even without treatment?
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What results in increased acidity of the urine in E. coli infection?
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Study Notes
Cystitis in the Community Pharmacy Setting
- The most likely cause of cystitis in the community pharmacy setting is bacterial infection, particularly E. coli.
Referral Criteria
- Any man with symptoms of cystitis should be referred for further assessment because the incidence of underlying conditions, such as prostatitis, epididymitis, or prostate cancer, is higher in men.
- A symptom that would warrant an immediate referral for further assessment is the presence of hematuria (blood in the urine).
- Pregnant women with symptoms of cystitis should be referred for assessment because untreated cystitis can lead to complications, such as preterm labor and pyelonephritis.
Treatment and Outcome
- If cystitis symptoms have not improved within 2 days of beginning treatment, the patient should be referred for further assessment.
Epidemiology
- The rarity of cystitis in men under the age of 50 is due to the longer urethra in men, which makes it more difficult for bacteria to reach the bladder.
- About 50% of all cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis are caused by E. coli.
- The main source of infecting organisms for the female urethra is the peri-urethral area, which is colonized by bacteria from the gut.
Natural History
- About half of cystitis cases will resolve even without treatment within 3-4 days.
Pathophysiology
- The production of urease by E. coli results in increased acidity of the urine.
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Description
Test your knowledge about cystitis, a common inflammation of the bladder, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Learn about the factors contributing to its occurrence, including the difference in male and female anatomy, and the impact of age and prostate enlargement.
