39 Questions
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
Regulate volume and chemical makeup of the blood
During prolonged fasting, the kidneys are involved in:
Gluconeogenesis
Which organ provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine?
Urinary bladder
What is the main function of the nephron in the kidney?
Urine formation
What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Which factor affects the rate of glomerular filtration?
Blood pressure
What is the function of the urethra in the urinary system?
Transport urine from the bladder out of the body
Which organ is responsible for the production of erythropoietin?
Kidneys
What is the volume of blood filtered daily by the kidneys?
200 liters
What is the function of the urinary bladder in the urinary system?
Provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine
What is the role of the kidneys in vitamin D activation?
Activation of vitamin D
What is the function of the urinary system in maintaining the balance between water and salts?
Regulate volume and chemical makeup of the blood
What is the location of the kidneys?
In the retroperitoneal position in the superior lumbar region
What is the reason for the lower position of the right kidney compared to the left?
It is crowded by the liver
What is the structure that leads to the renal sinus?
Renal hilus
What is the composition of the renal pyramids?
Parallel bundles of urine-collecting tubules
What are renal columns?
Inward extensions of cortical tissue that separate the pyramids
Where are the juxtamedullary nephrons located?
At the cortex-medulla junction
What is the function of vasa recta?
Long, straight efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons
What is the composition of the filtration membrane?
Fenestrated endothelium, visceral membrane, and basement membrane
What is the function of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Total amount of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys
What factors govern the filtration rate at the capillary bed?
Total surface area available for filtration, filtration membrane permeability, net filtration pressure
What is the function of peritubular capillaries?
Low-pressure, porous capillaries adapted for absorption
What is the role of plasma proteins in the glomerulus?
Not filtered and used to maintain oncotic pressure of the blood
Each kidney filters approximately 100 liters of blood daily
False
The ureters transport urine from the bladder to the kidneys
False
Gluconeogenesis is not a renal function during prolonged fasting
False
The urinary bladder provides a permanent storage reservoir for urine
False
The kidneys do not regulate the volume and chemical makeup of the blood
False
The primary function of the urinary system is to produce and excrete urine
False
The juxtamedullary nephrons are located in the outer cortex of the kidney
False
Blood pressure in the glomerulus is low because arterioles are low-resistance vessels.
False
The renal pelvis is a small, funnel-shaped tube located within the renal sinus.
False
The kidneys filter the body’s entire plasma volume 60 times each day.
True
The glomerulus is less efficient than other capillary beds due to its lower filtration membrane permeability.
False
The total surface area available for filtration is a factor governing glomerular filtration rate.
True
The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and its Bowman's capsule.
True
The kidneys filter out plasma proteins and use them to maintain blood pressure.
False
The vasa recta are short, curly efferent arterioles of cortical nephrons.
False
Test your knowledge of the urinary system with this quiz! Identify the parts of the urinary system, understand their functions, and trace the pathway of blood within the kidney. Describe the structure of the nephron and the process of urine formation, and learn how various factors affect the rate of glomerular filtration.
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